Fig. 1. Flowchart diagram comparison between HT-COS algorithm and HSV-RMS algorithm: (a) HT-COS algorithm; (b) HSV-RMS algorithm.

Fig. 2. Effect of phase-shift error on optical sectioning images: (a) Wide-field image with defocused background; (b) structured illumination image; (c)−(f) three-dimensional (3D) color optical sectioning images processed by HSV-RMS algorithm under different phase-shift errors; (g)−(j) 3D color optical sectioning images processed by HT-COS algorithm under different phase-shift errors.

Fig. 3. Influence of Gaussian noise on the reconstructed optical sectioning images. Structured illumination image, optical sectioning images calculated by the HSV-RMS algorithm and HT-COS algorithm, respectively, under the conditions of the Gaussian noise with variances of (a)−(c) 0.01, (d)−(f) 0.03, and (g)−(i) 0.05.

Fig. 4. Comparison of color restoration fidelity between HSV-RMS algorithm and HT-COS algorithm: (a)−(c) Raw image, optical sectioning image calculated by HSV-RMS algorithm and optical sectioning image calculated by HT-COS algorithm, respectively; (d)−(f) RGB values for the four different regions of each image.

Fig. 5. Schematic diagram of structured illumination color optical sectioning system: (a) Light-path diagram; (b) apparatus diagram

Fig. 6. Comparison of reconstructed result of pollen grain between HSV-RMS algorithm and HT-COS algorithm: (a) 3D reconstructed color image from HSV-RMS algorithm; (b) 3D reconstructed color image from HT-COS algorithm; (c) the enlarged image in the purple rectangular box in panel (a); (d) the enlarged image in the green rectangular box in (b); (e) normalized intensity distribution of the line-scan in panel (c) and (d), i.e. the “root-shaped” structure. Scale bar: 30 μm

Fig. 7. 3D color imaging result of a Chinese tiger beetle: (a) Maximum intensity projection image of the tiger beetle under 4 ×, NA = 0.2 objective lens, the 3D volume is rendered from 84 data sets stitching and sliced 350 layers; (b) schematic diagram of 3D reconstruction in axial direction after imaging processing with HSV-RMS algorithm; (c) maximum intensity projection images of the area pointed by the red arrow in panel (a) processed with HSV-RMS algorithm. The images are captured under 20 ×, NA = 0.45 objective lens; (d) 3D height map of panel (c); (e) schematic diagram of 3D reconstruction in axial direction after imaging processing with HT-COS algorithm; (f) maximum intensity projection images of the area pointed by the red arrow in (a) processed with HT-COS algorithm. The images are captured under 20 ×, NA = 0.45 objective lens; (g) the 3D height map of panel (f).