气体扩散法

method

Gas diffusion

在分子泄流条件下，质量轻的分子速度较快，通过微孔的概率更大，从而在多孔介质后浓缩

Under the condition of molecular effusion, lighter molecules move faster and have a higher probability of passing through micropores, thus be concentrated behind the porous medium

应用时间长，技术比较成熟；要求分离元素具有气态化合物；能耗高，分离级数大

This technology is mature and has been applied for a long time; the separated elements are required to have their gaseous compounds; the energy consumption is high with a large number of separation stages

气体离心法

method

Gas centrifuge

在离心力场中，不同质量的物质所受的离心力不同，轻、重组分的气体分别富集在转筒的中心轴和器壁附近

In the centrifugal force field, substances of different masses experience different centrifugal forces with lighter and heavier gas components being enriched near the central axis and the wall of the rotating cylinder, respectively

原子蒸气激光同位素分离法

method

Atomic vapor laser isotope separation

根据同位素原子在吸收光谱上的微小差别，利用激光进行选择性激发和电离，再采用外加电磁场将目标同位素离子引出

Based on the slight difference in the absorption spectrum of the isotope atoms, the target isotope atoms are selectively excited and ionized by a laser with a specific wavelength, and then, the target ions are extracted under an externally applied electromagnetic field

分离系数高；被分离组分的吸收谱线需要存在同位素位移，需要有满足需求的激光

This technology has a high separation coefficient; an isotope displacement in absorption spectrum is required for the separated atoms; a laser with specified wavelength and power is also necessary

电磁法

Electromagnetic method

带电粒子在磁场中运动时，质荷比不同的离子会有不同的运动半径，从而在空间上分离

When charged particles move in the magnetic field, ions with different mass-to-charge ratios will have different motion radii, consequently, being separated from each other spatially

适用性强，能够分离大部分元素；能耗高，且产量低

This technology has a good versatility for most elements with a high energy consumption and low output

化学法

method

Chemical

一定条件下，同一元素的两种化合物相互接触时，该元素中不同同位素在混合物中的分配会发生变化

Under certain conditions, when two compounds of the same element contact with each other, the distribution of different isotopes within the mixture will change

能耗低，设备比较简单；单级分离度小，平衡时间长

This method is applied with a low energy consumption, low single-stage separation coefficient and long equilibrium time

气体动力学法

Aerodynamic method

气体化合物在通过弯曲轨道时，不同质量的同位素会受到不同的离心力

When gaseous compounds pass through a curved path, isotopes with different masses are subjected to different centrifugal forces

相比于气体扩散法，单级分离系数高；能耗高

Compared with gas diffusion method, this approach has a higher single-stage separation coefficient with a high energy consumption

离子回旋共振法

method

Ion cyclotron resonance

利用特定频率的外加电场对特定种类的离子进行选择性加热，使其具有比其他离子更大的回旋半径，从而实现空间上的分离

Using an external electric field with specific frequency, a certain type of ions is selectively heated, and thus has a larger cyclotron radius than those of other types of ions, and consequently, leading to the spatial separation

分离系数高；对电磁场的稳定性、均匀性要求较高

This method has a high separation coefficient, while simultaneously, there exist high requirements for the stability and uniformity of the electromagnetic field