<trans-title>Urban residents’ marginal willingness to pay for environmental pollution control</trans-title>

变量	单位	平均值	标准差	中位数	最小值	最大值
visit	人次	3156	2617	2598	0	16373
letter	件	9652	14597	4381	1	115392
pol_water	万t/人	16.508	10.191	14.194	1.146	94.950
pol_gas	亿标m³/人	2.690	2.698	1.876	0.038	25.788
apf	1/10000	5.520	3.931	5.123	0.000	45.957
pol_fee	亿元	3.570	4.039	2.199	0.000	27.686
unemp	%	3.440	0.923	3.500	0.400	7.400
city_cons	农村=1	3.034	0.780	2.955	1.453	8.869
log_gdp	万元	2.064	2.057	1.250	0.123	10.796
fgdp	%	0.155	0.085	0.146	0.004	0.489
sgdp	%	0.444	0.084	0.459	0.148	0.594
log_edu	年	7.801	1.426	7.930	2.250	12.150

Table 2. Panel regression results of complain letters and visits

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Table 2. Panel regression results of complain letters and visits

模型被解释变量	固定效应	固定效应	随机效应	随机效应	引入人均GDP平方项
模型被解释变量	信访人次	来访信件	信访人次	来访信件	引入人均GDP平方项
pol_water	-0.004	0.002	-0.004	0.005*	-0.003
	(-1.620)	(0.740)	(-1.710)	(2.080)	(-1.460)
pol_gas	0.026**	-0.017	0.008	-0.053***	0.025*
	(-2.640)	(-1.340)	(0.780)	(-4.610)	(2.480)
apf	-0.014*	0.004	-0.022***	-0.008	-0.013*
	(-2.380)	(0.560)	(-3.650)	(-1.160)	(-2.130)
pol_fee	-0.015*	-0.017	0.005	0.011	-0.016*
	(-2.020)	(-1.840)	(0.700)	(1.310)	(-2.120)
unemp	0.068***	0.217***	0.066***	0.181***	0.070***
	(-3.520)	(8.890)	(3.350)	(7.650)	(3.580)
city_cons	-0.068*	0.195***	-0.092***	0.158***	-0.066*
	(-2.420)	(5.610)	(-3.310)	(4.810)	(-2.360)
log_gdp	-0.488***	-0.460**	-0.651***	-0.479***	-0.983
	(-3.660)	(-2.800)	(-5.190)	(-3.340)	(-1.330)
log_gdp_sqr					0.112
					(0.680)
fgdp	-2.039**	-3.492***	-0.740	-2.426***	-2.129
	(-3.080)	(-4.280)	(-1.230)	(-3.670)	(-3.150)
sgdp	-0.557	0.590	0.660	1.284**	-0.518
	(-1.360)	(1.150)	(1.750)	(3.000)	(-1.250)
log_edu	1.123*	3.598***	2.713***	4.556***	1.184*
	(-1.980)	(5.140)	(5.660)	(8.930)	(2.060)
_cons	4.923***	1.269	3.547***	0.274	5.872***
	(6.950)	(5.350)	(1.430)	(0.360)	(3.770)

Table 3. Regression results of complain letters and visits with bi-directional fixed effect model

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Table 3. Regression results of complain letters and visits with bi-directional fixed effect model

模型	固定效应	固定效应
被解释变量	信访人次	来访信件
pol_water	-0.004	0.001
	(-1.790)	(0.280)
pol_gas	0.019*	0.006
	(2.010)	(0.660)
apf	-0.016**	-0.008
	(-2.820)	(-1.360)
pol_fee	-0.008(-1.140)	-0.010(-1.480)
unemp	0.073***(3.400)	0.071***(3.370)
log_cons	-0.664*(-2.120)	0.650*(2.130)
fgdp	-1.172(-1.670)	-0.041(-0.060)
sgdp	-0.134(-0.300)	1.544***(3.520)
log_edu	1.081(-0.300)	1.937***(3.520)
_cons	1.081(1.820)	1.937***(3.400)

Table 4. Regression results with residents’ consumption level as explanatory variable

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Table 4. Regression results with residents’ consumption level as explanatory variable

对信访人次回归	系数	标准差	t统计量	P值	95%置信区间
对信访人次回归	系数	标准差	t统计量	P值	上限	下限
pol_water	-0.0029	0.0024	-1.19	0.233	-0.0077	0.0019
pol_gas	0.0013	0.0093	2.39	0.006	-0.0054	0.0312
apf	-0.0067	0.0056	-1.20	0.229	-0.0177	0.0043
pol_fee	-0.0238	0.0070	-3.40	0.001	-0.0376	0.0100
unemp	0.0534	0.0193	2.76	0.006	0.0155	0.0913
city_cons	-0.0487	0.0278	-1.75	0.080	-0.1033	0.0059
consume	-6.09e-06	0.0005	-2.33	0.009	-0.0008	0.0003
fgdp	-0.9591	0.5856	-1.64	0.102	-2.1089	0.1906
sgdp	-0.7279	0.4377	-1.66	0.097	-1.5873	0.1314
log_edu	0.2668	0.5139	0.52	0.604	-0.7422	1.2759
_cons	3.6384	0.6104	5.96	0.000	2.4398	4.8369

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Heping CAO, Jianming XI, Yuezhuo CHEN. Urban residents’ marginal willingness to pay for environmental pollution control[J]. Resources Science, 2020, 42(5): 801

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Paper Information

Received: Sep. 6, 2019

Accepted: --

Published Online: Apr. 15, 2021

The Author Email: XI Jianming (xijianming@pku.edu.cn)

DOI:10.18402/resci.2020.05.01

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Resource Economy

Research Articles