[1] Arthur B[M]. The nature of technology, 147-154(2018).

[2] Li L K, Zhang Y N, Zhou Y F et al. Optical fiber optofluidic bio-chemical sensors: a review[J]. Laser & Photonics Reviews, 15, 2000526(2021).

[3] Yuan T T, Zhang X T, Yang X H et al. Microfluidic fiber optic sensors: from functional integration to functional design(Invited)[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 61, 0106004(2024).

[4] Yuan T T, Yang X H, Liu Z H et al. Optofluidic in-fiber interferometer based on hollow optical fiber with two cores[J]. Optics Express, 25, 18205-18215(2017).

[5] Yang X H, Yu W T, Liu Z H et al. Optofluidic twin-core hollow fiber interferometer for label-free sensing of the streptavidin-biotin binding[J]. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 277, 353-359(2018).

[6] Gao R, Lu D F, Cheng J et al. Simultaneous measurement of refractive index and flow rate using graphene-coated optofluidic anti-resonant reflecting guidance[J]. Optics Express, 25, 28731-28742(2017).

[7] Gao D H, Yang X H, Teng P P et al. Optofluidic in-fiber integrated surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy detection based on a hollow optical fiber with a suspended core[J]. Optics Letters, 44, 5173-5176(2019).

[8] Wu S N, Yan G F, Zhou B et al. Open-cavity Fabry-Perot interferometer based on etched side-hole fiber for microfluidic sensing[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 27, 1813-1816(2015).

[9] Chu F H, Tsiminis G, Spooner N A et al. Explosives detection by fluorescence quenching of conjugated polymers in suspended core optical fibers[J]. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 199, 22-26(2014).

[10] Zhang Q, Li Z Y, Tian X Z et al. High-visibility, high-strength, rapid-response, in-fiber optofluidic sensor[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 36, 2896-2902(2018).

[11] Gong T X, Cui Y, Goh D et al. Highly sensitive SERS detection and quantification of sialic acid on single cell using photonic-crystal fiber with gold nanoparticles[J]. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 64, 227-233(2015).

[12] Bachhuka A, Heng S, Vasilev K et al. Surface functionalization of exposed core glass optical fiber for metal ion sensing[J]. Sensors, 19, 1829(2019).

[13] Doherty B, Thiele M, Warren-Smith S et al. Plasmonic nanoparticle-functionalized exposed-core fiber: an optofluidic refractive index sensing platform[J]. Optics Letters, 42, 4395-4398(2017).

[14] Li X G, Nguyen L V, Zhao Y et al. High-sensitivity Sagnac-interferometer biosensor based on exposed core microstructured optical fiber[J]. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 269, 103-109(2018).

[15] Yuan T T, Zhang X T, Xia Q et al. A twin-core and dual-hole fiber design and fabrication[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 39, 4028-4033(2021).

[16] Zhang Q, Hao P L, Tian X Z et al. High-visibility in-line fiber-optic optofluidic Fabry-Pérot cavity[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 111, 191102(2017).

[17] Yang X, Gong C Y, Wang Y Q et al. A sequentially bioconjugated optofluidic laser for wash-out-free and rapid biomolecular detection[J]. Lab on a Chip, 21, 1686-1693(2021).

[18] Hoo Y L, Jin W, Shi C Z et al. Design and modeling of a photonic crystal fiber gas sensor[J]. Applied Optics, 42, 3509-3515(2003).

[19] Zhu Y N, Du H, Bise R. Design of solid-core microstructured optical fiber with steering-wheel air cladding for optimal evanescent-field sensing[J]. Optics Express, 14, 3541-3546(2006).

[20] Khaing Oo M K, Han Y, Kanka J R et al. Structure fits the purpose: photonic crystal fibers for evanescent-field surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy[J]. Optics Letters, 35, 466-468(2010).

[21] Kostecki R, Ebendorff-Heidepriem H, Davis C et al. Silica exposed-core microstructured optical fibers[J]. Optical Materials Express, 2, 1538-1547(2012).

[22] Warren-Smith S C, Kostecki R, Nguyen L V et al. Fabrication, splicing, Bragg grating writing, and polyelectrolyte functionalization of exposed-core microstructured optical fibers[J]. Optics Express, 22, 29493-29504(2014).

[23] Schartner E P, Dowler A, Ebendorff-Heidepriem H. Fabrication of low-loss, small-core exposed core microstructured optical fibers[J]. Optical Materials Express, 7, 1496-1502(2017).

[24] Kasztelanic R, Filipkowski A, Pysz D et al. Optical fibers with open side channel by wet etching[J]. Optics Express, 26, 32374-32387(2018).

[25] Li Y, Wang L N, Chen Y Z et al. High-performance fiber sensor via Mach-Zehnder interferometer based on immersing exposed-core microstructure fiber in oriented liquid crystals[J]. Optics Express, 28, 3576-3586(2020).

[26] Nguyen L V, Warren-Smith S C, Cooper A et al. Molecular beacons immobilized within suspended core optical fiber for specific DNA detection[J]. Optics Express, 20, 29378-29385(2012).

[27] Yang X H, Yuan T T, Teng P P et al. An in-fiber integrated optofluidic device based on an optical fiber with an inner core[J]. Lab on a Chip, 14, 2090-2095(2014).

[28] Yang X H, Yuan T T, Yue G Q et al. Optofluidic integrated in-fiber fluorescence online optical fiber sensor[J]. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 215, 345-349(2015).

[29] Gong C Y, Gong Y, Zhao X H et al. Distributed fibre optofluidic laser for chip-scale arrayed biochemical sensing[J]. Lab on a Chip, 18, 2741-2748(2018).

[30] Yang X, Luo Y H, Liu Y L et al. Mass production of thin-walled hollow optical fibers enables disposable optofluidic laser immunosensors[J]. Lab on a Chip, 20, 923-930(2020).

[31] Li X G, Sun H Y, Zhang Y N et al. Probe-type fiber optic biosensor based on Barium titanate glass microsphere enhanced SPR effect for virus RNA detection[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 42, 5768-5774(2024).

[32] Huang X Q, Tong X L. Study on an all-fiber optical coherence tomography (OCT) probe[J]. Optical Fiber Technology, 79, 103345(2023).

[33] Youngquist R C, Carr S, Davies D E N. Optical coherence-domain reflectometry: a new optical evaluation technique[J]. Optics Letters, 12, 158-160(1987).

[34] Huang D, Swanson E A, Lin C P et al. Optical coherence tomography[J]. Science, 254, 1178-1181(1991).

[35] Kim S J, Lee H, Kato K et al. In vivo comparison of lumen dimensions measured by time domain-, and frequency domain-optical coherence tomography, and intravascular ultrasound[J]. The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging, 29, 967-975(2013).

[36] Bouma B E, de Boer J F, Huang D et al. Optical coherence tomography[J]. Nature Reviews Methods Primers, 2, 79(2022).

[37] Ge X, Chen S F, Chen S et al. High resolution optical coherence tomography[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 39, 3824-3835(2021).

[38] Capon P K, Li J W, Horsfall A J et al. A silk-based functionalization architecture for single fiber imaging and sensing[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 32, 2010713(2022).

[39] Wang W, Ma J, Guan B O. Truncated conical-tip fiber probe for common-path optical coherence tomography with optimal sensitivity[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 40, 3974-3979(2022).

[40] Ramtohul P, Cabral D, Sadda S et al. The OCT angular sign of Henle fiber layer (HFL) hyperreflectivity (ASHH) and the pathoanatomy of the HFL in macular disease[J]. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, 95, 101135(2023).

[41] Gu C F, Zhang H R, Lan Q et al. Computer-generated holography enables high-uniformity, high-efficiency depth-of-focus extension in endoscopic OCT[J]. Optics Letters, 49, 6896-6899(2024).

[42] Kim J H, Han J H, Jeong J. Common-path optical coherence tomography using a conical-frustum-tip fiber probe[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 20, 6800407(2014).

[43] Wu T, Pan R B, Cao K M et al. Side-viewing endoscopic imaging probe for swept source optical coherence tomography[J]. Optics Communications, 467, 125596(2020).

[44] He B, Zhang Y X, Zhao L et al. Robotic-OCT guided inspection and microsurgery of monolithic storage devices[J]. Nature Communications, 14, 5701(2023).

[45] Liu Y, Zhang D H, Li W X et al. Exceptional imaging performance optic coherence tomography miniature probe based on sizable fiber axicon[J]. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 184, 108592(2025).

[46] Tudor R, Bulzan G A, Kusko M et al. Multilevel spiral axicon for high-order Bessel-Gauss beams generation[J]. Nanomaterials, 13, 579(2023).

[47] Li J W, Thiele S, Quirk B C et al. Ultrathin monolithic 3D printed optical coherence tomography endoscopy for preclinical and clinical use[J]. Light: Science & Applications, 9, 124(2020).

[48] Yang V X D, Munce N, Pekar J et al. Micromachined array tip for multifocus fiber-based optical coherence tomography[J]. Optics Letters, 29, 1754-1756(2004).

[49] Ahmad A, Shemonski N D, Adie S G et al. Real-time in vivo computed optical interferometric tomography[J]. Nature Photonics, 7, 444-448(2013).

[50] Mo J H, de Groot M, de Boer J F. Depth-encoded synthetic aperture optical coherence tomography of biological tissues with extended focal depth[J]. Optics Express, 23, 4935-4945(2015).

[51] Liu Y, Liao Q M, Huang L L. Multifunctional lab on fiber tips based on metasurface[J]. Optics and Precision Engineering, 30, 1802-1814(2022).

[52] Liu Y, Liao Q M, Wang Y T et al. Ultracompact metalens-based beam-focusing fiber-optic device with a large numerical aperture[J]. Optics Letters, 48, 1742-1745(2023).

[53] Tearney G, Brezinski M, Brezinski M et al. In vivo endoscopic optical biopsy with optical coherence tomography[J]. Science, 276, 2037-2039(1997).

[54] Rollins A M, Ung-Arunyawee R, Chak A et al. Real-time in vivo imaging of human gastrointestinal ultrastructure by use of endoscopic optical coherence tomography with a novel efficient interferometer design[J]. Optics Letters, 24, 1358-1360(1999).

[55] Yang V X D, Mao Y X, Munce N et al. Interstitial Doppler optical coherence tomography[J]. Optics Letters, 30, 1791-1793(2005).

[56] Yuan W, Brown R, Mitzner W et al. Super-achromatic monolithic microprobe for ultrahigh-resolution endoscopic optical coherence tomography at 800 nm[J]. Nature Communications, 8, 1531(2017).

[57] Pahlevaninezhad H, Khorasaninejad M, Huang Y W et al. Nano-optic endoscope for high-resolution optical coherence tomography in vivo[J]. Nature Photonics, 12, 540-547(2018).

[58] Pahlevaninezhad M, Huang Y W, Pahlevani M et al. Metasurface-based bijective illumination collection imaging provides high-resolution tomography in three dimensions[J]. Nature Photonics, 16, 203-211(2022).

[59] Zhang T H, Yuan S S, Xu C et al. PneumaOCT: pneumatic optical coherence tomography endoscopy for targeted distortion-free imaging in tortuous and narrow internal lumens[J]. Science Advances, 10, eadp3145(2024).

[60] Beard P C, Perennes F, Mills T N. Transduction mechanisms of the Fabry-Perot polymer film sensing concept for wideband ultrasound detection[J]. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, 46, 1575-1582(1999).

[61] Huynh N T, Zhang E, Francies O et al. A fast all-optical 3D photoacoustic scanner for clinical vascular imaging[EB/OL]. https:∥www.nature.com/articles/s41551-024-01247-x

[62] Chao C Y, Ashkenazi S, Huang S W et al. High-frequency ultrasound sensors using polymer microring resonators[J]. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, 54, 957-965(2007).

[63] Dong B Q, Chen S Y, Zhang Z et al. Photoacoustic probe using a microring resonator ultrasonic sensor for endoscopic applications[J]. Optics Letters, 39, 4372-4375(2014).

[64] Rosenthal A, Razansky D, Ntziachristos V. High-sensitivity compact ultrasonic detector based on a pi-phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating[J]. Optics Letters, 36, 1833-1835(2011).

[65] Rosenthal A, Kellnberger S, Bozhko D et al. Sensitive interferometric detection of ultrasound for minimally invasive clinical imaging applications[J]. Laser & Photonics Reviews, 8, 450-457(2014).

[66] Shnaiderman R, Wissmeyer G, Ülgen O et al. A submicrometre silicon-on-insulator resonator for ultrasound detection[J]. Nature, 585, 372-378(2020).

[67] Westerveld W J, Mahmud-Ul-Hasan M, Shnaiderman R et al. Sensitive, small, broadband and scalable optomechanical ultrasound sensor in silicon photonics[J]. Nature Photonics, 15, 341-345(2021).

[68] Liang Y Z, Fu W B, Li Q et al. Optical-resolution functional gastrointestinal photoacoustic endoscopy based on optical heterodyne detection of ultrasound[J]. Nature Communications, 13, 7604(2022).

[69] Zhong X X, Liang Y Z, Wang X Y et al. Free-moving-state microscopic imaging of cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics with a photoacoustic fiberscope[J]. Light: Science & Applications, 13, 5(2024).

[70] Guggenheim J A, Li J, Allen T J et al. Ultrasensitive plano-concave optical microresonators for ultrasound sensing[J]. Nature Photonics, 11, 714-719(2017).

[71] Allen T J, Ogunlade O, Zhang E et al. Large area laser scanning optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy using a fibre optic sensor[J]. Biomedical Optics Express, 9, 650-660(2018).

[72] Zhang C, Chen S L, Ling T et al. Review of imprinted polymer microrings as ultrasound detectors: design, fabrication, and characterization[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal, 15, 3241-3248(2015).

[73] Liang Y Z, Jin L, Wang L D et al. Fiber-laser-based ultrasound sensor for photoacoustic imaging[J]. Scientific Reports, 7, 40849(2017).

[74] Liang Y Z, Sun H J, Cheng L H et al. High spatiotemporal resolution optoacoustic sensing with photothermally induced acoustic vibrations in optical fibres[J]. Nature Communications, 12, 4139(2021).

[75] Garrett D C, Wang L V. Acoustic sensing with light[J]. Nature Photonics, 15, 324-326(2021).

[76] Pan J S, Li Q, Feng Y M et al. Parallel interrogation of the chalcogenide-based micro-ring sensor array for photoacoustic tomography[J]. Nature Communications, 14, 3250(2023).

[77] Chen P W, Wu H T, Zhao Y J et al. Quantitative assessment of fungal biomarkers in clinical samples via an interface-modulated optical fiber biosensor[J]. Advanced Materials, 36, 2312985(2024).

[78] Guo T, Liu F, Liang X et al. Highly sensitive detection of urinary protein variations using tilted fiber grating sensors with plasmonic nanocoatings[J]. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 78, 221-228(2016).

[79] Cao S F, Chen R P, Yang Q C et al. Point-of-care diagnosis of pre-eclampsia based on microfiber Bragg grating biosensor[J]. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 249, 116014(2024).

[80] Sarabi M R, Jiang N, Oztturk E et al. Biomedical optical fibers[J]. Lab on a Chip, 21, 627-640(2021).

[81] Wu H T, Chen P W, Zhan X D et al. Marriage of a dual-plasmonic interface and optical microfiber for NIR-II cancer theranostics[J]. Advanced Materials, 36, 2310571(2024).

[82] Beccaria A, Bellone A, Mirigaldi A et al. Temperature monitoring of tumor hyperthermal treatments with optical fibers: comparison of distributed and quasi-distributed techniques[J]. Optical Fiber Technology, 60, 102340(2020).

[83] Alqarni S A, Willmore W G, Albert J et al. Self-monitored and optically powered fiber-optic device for localized hyperthermia and controlled cell death in vitro[J]. Applied Optics, 60, 2400-2411(2021).

[84] Ran Y, Xu Z Y, Chen M F et al. Fiber-optic theranostics (FOT): interstitial fiber-optic needles for cancer sensing and therapy[J]. Advanced Science, 9, 2200456(2022).

[85] Jung H S, Verwilst P, Sharma A et al. Organic molecule-based photothermal agents: an expanding photothermal therapy universe[J]. Chemical Society Reviews, 47, 2280-2297(2018).

[86] Jiang Z Y, Zhang C L, Wang X Q et al. A borondifluoride-complex-based photothermal agent with an 80% photothermal conversion efficiency for photothermal therapy in the NIR-II window[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 60, 22376-22384(2021).

[87] Shi M W, Fu Z L, Pan W et al. A protein-binding molecular photothermal agent for tumor ablation[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 60, 13564-13568(2021).

[88] Yang T D, Park K, Kim H J et al. In vivo photothermal treatment with real-time monitoring by optical fiber-needle array[J]. Biomedical Optics Express, 8, 3482-3492(2017).

[89] Chu Y J, Xu X Q, Wang Y P. Ultradeep photothermal therapy strategies[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 13, 9564-9572(2022).

[90] Zhang W G, Kang M M, Li X et al. Interstitial optical fiber-mediated multimodal phototheranostics based on an aggregation-induced NIR-II emission luminogen for orthotopic breast cancer treatment[J]. Advanced Materials, 36, 2406474(2024).

[91] Gao G, Sun X B, Liang G L. Nanoagent-promoted mild-temperature photothermal therapy for cancer treatment[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 31, 2100738(2021).

[92] Overchuk M, Weersink R A, Wilson B C et al. Photodynamic and photothermal therapies: synergy opportunities for nanomedicine[J]. ACS Nano, 17, 7979-8003(2023).

[93] Liu S, Pan X T, Liu H Y. Two-dimensional nanomaterials for photothermal therapy[J]. Angewandte Chemie, 132, 5943-5953(2020).

[94] Li H T, Huang Y Y, Hou G H et al. Single-molecule detection of biomarker and localized cellular photothermal therapy using an optical microfiber with nanointerface[J]. Science Advances, 5, eaax4659(2019).

[95] Huang Y Y, Chen P W, Liang H et al. Nucleic acid hybridization on a plasmonic nanointerface of optical microfiber enables ultrahigh-sensitive detection and potential photothermal therapy[J]. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 156, 112147(2020).

[96] He L, He F, Feng Y T et al. Hybridized nanolayer modified Ω-shaped fiber-optic synergistically enhances localized surface plasma resonance for ultrasensitive cytosensor and efficient photothermal therapy[J]. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 194, 113599(2021).

[97] He F, Luo Z W, Wen Z X et al. A bent fiber optic sensor based on gold nanoparticle-decorated silver film for integration of cytosensor and plasmonic photothermal therapy: a simulation study[J]. Optik, 271, 170227(2022).

[98] Xiao A X, Zheng J Y, Wu X L et al. Ultrasensitive detection and cellular photothermal therapy via a self-photothermal modulation biosensor[J]. Advanced Optical Materials, 11, 2202711(2023).

[99] Jin F Z, Xu Z Y, Wang W et al. Integrating tumor hypoxic sensing and photothermal therapy using a miniaturized fiber-optic theranostic probe[J]. Small Science, 5, 2570008(2025).

[100] Su Z W, Zhao Y J, Huang Y Q et al. Bi-functional nanocomposite based on phosphor and carbon nanotubes for tumor ablation in a photothermal fiber system with temperature feedback[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 436, 134994(2022).

[101] Kim H, Kim J, Seo A N et al. Ultrasound-assisted photothermal therapy (ULTRA-PTT) for the treatment of deep-seated tumors[J]. Advanced Optical Materials, 12, 2400332(2024).

[102] Liang H, Zhou L Y, Chen P W et al. Optical microfiber with a gold nanorods-black phosphorous nanointerface: an ultrasensitive biosensor and nanotherapy platform[J]. Analytical Chemistry, 94, 8058-8065(2022).

[103] Chen L, Sun X Q, Cheng K et al. Temperature-regulating phase change fiber scaffold toward mild photothermal-chemotherapy[J]. Advanced Fiber Materials, 4, 1669-1684(2022).

[104] Zhang Z, Yue X, Lan N et al. Effective antitumor synergistic treatment with fiber-photothermal therapy and heat shock protein inhibitors[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 17, 4368-4379(2025).

[105] Zhang Y K, Zheng J, Jin F Z et al. Fiber-optic drug delivery strategy for synergistic cancer photothermal-chemotherapy[J]. Light: Science & Applications, 13, 228(2024).

[106] Luo Z W, Li M Y, Kong X Y et al. Advance on fiber optic-based biosensors for precision medicine: from diagnosis to therapy[J]. Interdisciplinary Medicine, 1, e20230022(2023).

[107] Soares M S, Vidal M, Santos N F et al. Immunosensing based on optical fiber technology: recent advances[J]. Biosensors, 11, 305(2021).

[108] Mai Z G, Zhang J H, Chen Y Z et al. A disposable fiber optic SPR probe for immunoassay[J]. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 144, 111621(2019).

[109] Ran Y, Long J Q, Xu Z Y et al. Harmonic optical microfiber Bragg grating immunosensor for the accelerative test of cardiac biomarker (cTn-I)[J]. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 179, 113081(2021).

[110] Wei Y L, Zhou W C, Wu Y H et al. High sensitivity label-free quantitative method for detecting tumor biomarkers in human serum by optical microfiber couplers[J]. ACS Sensors, 6, 4304-4314(2021).

[111] Chiavaioli F, Zubiate P, Del Villar I et al. Femtomolar detection by nanocoated fiber label-free biosensors[J]. ACS Sensors, 3, 936-943(2018).

[112] Liang L L, Jin L, Ran Y et al. Fiber light-coupled optofluidic waveguide (FLOW) immunosensor for highly sensitive detection of p53 protein[J]. Analytical Chemistry, 90, 10851-10857(2018).

[113] Divagar M, Bandaru R, Janakiraman V et al. A plasmonic fiberoptic absorbance biosensor for mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan based tuberculosis diagnosis[J]. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 167, 112488(2020).

[114] Chiang C Y, Huang T T, Wang C H et al. Fiber optic nanogold-linked immunosorbent assay for rapid detection of procalcitonin at femtomolar concentration level[J]. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 151, 111871(2020).

[115] Sun L P, Huang Y, Huang T S et al. Optical microfiber reader for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay[J]. Analytical Chemistry, 91, 14141-14148(2019).

[116] Bian S M, Shang M, Sawan M. Rapid biosensing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in vaccinated healthy donors[J]. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 204, 114054(2022).

[117] Li Y, Wang X, Ning W et al. Sandwich method-based sensitivity enhancement of Ω-shaped fiber optic LSPR for time-flexible bacterial detection[J]. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 201, 113911(2022).

[118] Ning W, Hu S M, Zhou C et al. An ultrasensitive J-shaped optical fiber LSPR aptasensor for the detection of Helicobacter pylori[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 1278, 341733(2023).

[119] Xu Y, Luo Z W, Chen J M et al. Ω-shaped fiber-optic probe-based localized surface plasmon resonance biosensor for real-time detection of Salmonella typhimurium[J]. Analytical Chemistry, 90, 13640-13646(2018).

[120] Luo Z W, Xu Y, He L et al. Development of a rapid and ultra-sensitive cytosensor: Ω-shaped fiber optic LSPR integrated with suitable AuNPs coverage[J]. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 336, 129706(2021).

[121] Luo Z W, Cheng Y, He L et al. T-shaped aptamer-based LSPR biosensor using Ω-shaped fiber optic for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2[J]. Analytical Chemistry, 95, 1599-1607(2023).

[122] Zhao J X, Lu Z W, Wang S et al. Nanoscale affinity double layer overcomes the poor antimatrix interference capability of aptamers[J]. Analytical Chemistry, 93, 4317-4325(2021).

[123] Bello V, Vandezande W, Daems D et al. Design and implementation of a dual-region self-referencing fiber-optic surface plasmon resonance biosensor[J]. ACS Sensors, 7, 3360-3368(2022).

[124] Qian H S, Huang Y, Duan X L et al. Fiber optic surface plasmon resonance biosensor for detection of PDGF-BB in serum based on self-assembled aptamer and antifouling peptide monolayer[J]. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 140, 111350(2019).

[125] Li S T, Zhu L Y, Zhu L J et al. A sandwich-based evanescent wave fluorescent biosensor for simple, real-time exosome detection[J]. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 200, 113902(2022).

[126] Li Y P, Ma H, Gan L et al. Selective and sensitive Escherichia coli detection based on a T4 bacteriophage-immobilized multimode microfiber[J]. Journal of Biophotonics, 11, e201800012(2018).

[127] Koba M, Śmietana M, Brzozowska E et al. Bacteriophage adhesin-coated long-period grating-based sensor: bacteria detection specificity[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 34, 4531-4536(2016).

[128] Halkare P, Punjabi N, Wangchuk J et al. Label-free detection of Escherichia coli from mixed bacterial cultures using bacteriophage T4 on plasmonic fiber-optic sensor[J]. ACS Sensors, 6, 2720-2727(2021).

[129] Janik M, Brzozowska E, Czyszczoń P et al. Optical fiber aptasensor for label-free bacteria detection in small volumes[J]. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 330, 129316(2021).

[130] Shrivastav A M, Sharma G, Jha R. Hypersensitive and selective biosensing based on microfiber interferometry and molecular imprinted nanoparticles[J]. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 141, 111347(2019).

[131] Ning W, Zhang C Y, Tian Z Y et al. Ω-shaped fiber optic LSPR biosensor based on mismatched hybridization chain reaction and gold nanoparticles for detection of circulating cell-free DNA[J]. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 228, 115175(2023).

[132] Zhou C, Zou H M, Li M et al. Fiber optic surface plasmon resonance sensor for detection of E. coli O157: H7 based on antimicrobial peptides and AgNPs-rGO[J]. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 117, 347-353(2018).

[133] Strobbia P, Ran Y, Crawford B M et al. Inverse molecular sentinel-integrated fiberoptic sensor for direct and in situ detection of miRNA targets[J]. Analytical Chemistry, 91, 6345-6352(2019).

[134] Gong P Q, Wang Y M, Zhou X et al. In situ temperature-compensated DNA hybridization detection using a dual-channel optical fiber sensor[J]. Analytical Chemistry, 93, 10561-10567(2021).

[135] Sun B, Wang Y P. High-sensitivity detection of IgG operating near the dispersion turning point in tapered two-mode fibers[J]. Micromachines, 11, 270(2020).

[136] Li L Y, Peng F, Zhong N B et al. Novel surface plasmon resonance fiber-optic biosensor for phenol concentration[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 43, 1228003(2023).

[137] Kim J A, Wales D J, Yang G Z. Optical spectroscopy for in vivo medical diagnosis: a review of the state of the art and future perspectives[J]. Progress in Biomedical Engineering, 2, 042001(2020).

[138] Kumar R, Srivastava R, Srivastava S. Detection and classification of cancer from microscopic biopsy images using clinically significant and biologically interpretable features[J]. Journal of Medical Engineering, 2015, 457906(2015).

[139] Jacques S L. Optical properties of biological tissues: a review[J]. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 58, R37-R61(2013).

[140] Turzhitsky V, Qiu L, Itzkan I et al. Spectroscopy of scattered light for the characterization of micro and nanoscale objects in biology and medicine[J]. Applied Spectroscopy, 68, 133-154(2014).

[141] Utzinger U, Richards-Kortum R R. Fiber optic probes for biomedical optical spectroscopy[J]. Journal of Biomedical Optics, 8, 121(2003).

[142] Marcu L. Fluorescence lifetime techniques in medical applications[J]. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 40, 304-331(2012).

[143] Haringsma J, Tytgat G N J. Fluorescence and autofluorescence[J]. Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology, 13, 1-10(1999).

[144] DeBerardinis R J, Chandel N S. Fundamentals of cancer metabolism[J]. Science Advances, 2, e1600200(2016).

[145] Shipp D W, Sinjab F, Notingher I. Raman spectroscopy: techniques and applications in the life sciences[J]. Advances in Optics and Photonics, 9, 315(2017).

[146] Zhou S W, Guo Y, Wu J J et al. Development and biomedical applications of fiber optic Raman probes[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 61, 2100003(2024).

[147] Huang Z W, Teh S K, Zheng W et al. Integrated Raman spectroscopy and trimodal wide-field imaging techniques for real-time in vivo tissue Raman measurements at endoscopy[J]. Optics Letters, 34, 758-760(2009).

[148] Taketani A, Andriana B B, Matsuyoshi H et al. Raman endoscopy for monitoring the anticancer drug treatment of colorectal tumors in live mice[J]. The Analyst, 142, 3680-3688(2017).

[149] Wong Kee Song L M, Molckovsky A, Wang K K et al. Diagnostic potential of Raman spectroscopy in Barrett’s esophagus[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 5692, 140-146(2005).

[150] Sun Y H, Liu R, Elson D S et al. Simultaneous time- and wavelength-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy for near real-time tissue diagnosis[J]. Optics Letters, 33, 630-632(2008).

[151] Sun Y H, Sun Y, Stephens D et al. Dynamic tissue analysis using time- and wavelength-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy for atherosclerosis diagnosis[J]. Optics Express, 19, 3890-3901(2011).

[152] Paras C, Keller M, White L et al. Near-infrared autofluorescence for the detection of parathyroid glands[J]. Journal of Biomedical Optics, 16, 067012(2011).

[153] McWade M A, Sanders M E, Broome J T et al. Establishing the clinical utility of autofluorescence spectroscopy for parathyroid detection[J]. Surgery, 159, 193-203(2016).

[154] Thomas G, McWade M A, Nguyen J Q et al. Innovative surgical guidance for label-free real-time parathyroid identification[J]. Surgery, 165, 114-123(2019).

[155] Kim Y, Kim S W, Lee K D et al. Phase-sensitive fluorescence detector for parathyroid glands during thyroidectomy: a preliminary report[J]. Journal of Biophotonics, 13, e201960078(2020).

[156] Bergholt M S, Zheng W, Lin K et al. Combining near-infrared-excited autofluorescence and Raman spectroscopy improves in vivo diagnosis of gastric cancer[J]. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 26, 4104-4110(2011).

[157] Lim L, Nichols B, Migden M R et al. Clinical study of noninvasivein vivomelanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers using multimodal spectral diagnosis[J]. Journal of Biomedical Optics, 19, 117003(2014).

[158] Wang J F, Lin K, Zheng W et al. Comparative study of the endoscope-based bevelled and volume fiber-optic Raman probes for optical diagnosis of gastric dysplasia in vivo at endoscopy[J]. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 407, 8303-8310(2015).

[159] Bergholt M S, Lin K, Wang J F et al. Simultaneous fingerprint and high-wavenumber fiber-optic Raman spectroscopy enhances real-time in vivo diagnosis of adenomatous polyps during colonoscopy[J]. Journal of Biophotonics, 9, 333-342(2016).

[160] Zhang L, Pleskow D K, Turzhitsky V et al. Light scattering spectroscopy identifies the malignant potential of pancreatic cysts during endoscopy[J]. Nature Biomedical Engineering, 1, 40(2017).

[161] Pinto M, Zorn K C, Tremblay J P et al. Integration of a Raman spectroscopy system to a robotic-assisted surgical system for real-time tissue characterization during radical prostatectomy procedures[J]. Journal of Biomedical Optics, 24, 025001(2019).

[162] Pleskow D K, Sawhney M S, Upputuri P K et al. In vivo detection of bile duct pre-cancer with endoscopic light scattering spectroscopy[J]. Nature Communications, 14, 109(2023).

[163] Boyden E S, Zhang F, Bamberg E et al. Millisecond-timescale, genetically targeted optical control of neural activity[J]. Nature Neuroscience, 8, 1263-1268(2005).

[164] Venkatesh H S. The neural regulation of cancer[J]. Science, 366, 965(2019).

[165] Jiang C, Li H T, Zhou Y M et al. Cardiac optogenetics: a novel approach to cardiovascular disease therapy[J]. EP Europace, 20, 1741-1749(2018).

[166] Entcheva E, Kay M W. Cardiac optogenetics: a decade of enlightenment[J]. Nature Reviews Cardiology, 18, 349-367(2021).

[167] Gepstein L, Gruber A. Optogenetic neuromodulation of the heart[J]. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 70, 2791-2794(2017).

[168] Zhang Z J, Jing Y, Ma Y J et al. Driving GABAergic neurons optogenetically improves learning, reduces amyloid load and enhances autophagy in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease[J]. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 525, 928-935(2020).

[169] Ko H, Yoon S P. Optogenetic neuromodulation with gamma oscillation as a new strategy for Alzheimer disease: a narrative review[J]. Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science, 39, 269-277(2022).

[170] Tiwari P, Tolwinski N S. Using optogenetics to model cellular effects of Alzheimer’s disease[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24, 4300(2023).

[171] Chen Y J, Xiong M, Zhang S C. Illuminating Parkinson’s therapy with optogenetics[J]. Nature Biotechnology, 33, 149-150(2015).

[172] Yoon H H, Min J, Jeon S R. Optogenetics to restore neural circuit function in Parkinson’s disease[J]. Journal of Neurorestoratology, 6, 88-92(2018).

[173] Vazey E M, Aston-Jones G. New tricks for old dogmas: optogenetic and designer receptor insights for Parkinson’s disease[J]. Brain Research, 1511, 153-163(2013).

[174] Zhang L N, Liu Y L, Luo G J et al. Upconversion-mediated optogenetics for the treatment of surgery-induced postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction[J]. ACS Nano, 18, 11058-11069(2024).

[175] Iseri E, Kuzum D. Implantable optoelectronic probes for in vivo optogenetics[J]. Journal of Neural Engineering, 14, 031001(2017).

[176] Sparta D R, Stamatakis A M, Phillips J L et al. Construction of implantable optical fibers for long-term optogenetic manipulation of neural circuits[J]. Nature Protocols, 7, 12-23(2012).

[177] Petrovic J, Lange F, Hohlfeld D. Fiber-based optrode with microstructured fiber tips for controlled light delivery in optogenetics[J]. Journal of Neural Engineering, 20, 036007(2023).

[178] Pisanello F, Sileo L, Oldenburg I A et al. Multipoint-emitting optical fibers for spatially addressable in vivo optogenetics[J]. Neuron, 82, 1245-1254(2014).

[179] Castonguay A, Thomas S, Lesage F et al. Repetitive and retinotopically restricted activation of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus with optogenetics[J]. PLoS One, 9, e94633(2014).

[180] Pisanello F, Mandelbaum G, Pisanello M et al. Dynamic illumination of spatially restricted or large brain volumes via a single tapered optical fiber[J]. Nature Neuroscience, 20, 1180-1188(2017).

[181] Yuan T T, Zhang X T, Xia Q et al. Design and fabrication of a functional fiber for micro flow sensing[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 39, 290-294(2021).

[182] Canales A, Jia X T, Froriep U P et al. Multifunctional fibers for simultaneous optical, electrical and chemical interrogation of neural circuits in vivo[J]. Nature Biotechnology, 33, 277-284(2015).

[183] Yuan T T, Zhong X, Guan C Y et al. Long period fiber grating in two-core hollow eccentric fiber[J]. Optics Express, 23, 33378-33385(2015).

[184] Kujala S, Mannila A, Karvonen L et al. Natural silk as a photonics component: a study on its light guiding and nonlinear optical properties[J]. Scientific Reports, 6, 22358(2016).

[185] Li J T, Li S T, Huang J Y et al. Spider silk-inspired artificial fibers[J]. Advanced Science, 9, 2103965(2022).

[186] Gong K, Liu H D, Huang C et al. Mass customization of polylactic acid (PLA) parts via a hybrid manufacturing process[J]. Polymers, 14, 5413(2022).

[187] Humar M, Kwok S J J, Choi M et al. Toward biomaterial-based implantable photonic devices[J]. Nanophotonics, 6, 414-434(2017).

[188] Zhang J, Wang Z, Wang Z X et al. Advanced multi-material optoelectronic fibers: a review[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 39, 3836-3845(2021).

[189] Dai Y, Du M H, Huang L et al. Multimaterial glass fiber probe for deep neural stimulation and detection[J]. Advanced Optical Materials, 11, 2202184(2023).

[190] Jiang S, Patel D C, Kim J et al. Spatially expandable fiber-based probes as a multifunctional deep brain interface[J]. Nature Communications, 11, 6115(2020).

[191] Zhang M, Wang R N, Tian K et al. Optical detection of ammonia in water using integrated up-conversion fluorescence in a fiberized microsphere[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 39, 7303-7306(2021).