Fig. 1. Dithering or defocusing effects of projected patterns. (a) Comparison before and after dithering of edges in the first quaternary Gray code pattern; (b) comparison before and after defocusing of edges in the fourth binary Gray code pattern; (c) comparison before and after dithering of sinusoidal phase-shifting fringe

Fig. 2. Schematic of corresponding projected pattern sequences of three methods. (a) Traditional Gray code method assisted phase shift fringe; (b) time multiplexed binary Gray code method assisted phase shift fringe; (c) time multiplexed quaternary Gray code method assisted phase shift fringe

Fig. 3. Time multiplexing arrangement of four-step phase-shifting fringe patterns and M Gray code patterns. (a) M is even; (b) M is odd

Fig. 4. Schematic of time multiplexing decoding process

Fig. 5. Schematic of phase unwrapping with divided regions. (a) Process of transforming ϕ₂(x,y) to create ϕ₁(x,y); (b) phase unwrapping

Fig. 6. High speed 3D morphology measurement system

Fig. 7. Schematic of time multiplexing calculation

Fig. 8. Recovery results of two coding methods at different projection speeds and error analysis. (1) stands for error caused by noise and (2) stands for error caused by motion

Fig. 9. Experimental process on stroking a badminton ball. (a) A continuous captured pattern sequences (85.47-86.62 ms); (b) 3D reconstruction results at eight representative moments (50.50-201.70 ms)

Fig. 10. Texture distributions at eight representative moments (13.12-189.52 ms) and corresponding reconstruction results in the experiment on pinching a rubber ball with hands