International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing, Volume. 7, Issue 4, 45007(2025)

Time-dependent volumetric printing of precision lenses through dynamic laser writing

Piao Chengxue, Du Xiaotong, Xu Ya, To Suet, Zhu Limin, and Zhu Zhiwei
References(43)

[1] [1] Juodkazis S. 2016. 3D printed micro-optics.Nat. Photon.10, 499–501.

[2] [2] Camposeo A, Persano L, Farsari M and Pisignano D. 2019. Additive manufacturing: applications and directions in photonics and optoelectronics.Adv. Opt. Mater.7, 1800419.

[3] [3] Zolfaghari A, Chen T T and Yi A Y. 2019. Additive manufacturing of precision optics at micro and nanoscale.Int. J. Extrem. Manuf.1, 012005.

[4] [4] Chen X F, Liu W Z, Dong B Q, Lee J, Ware H O T, Zhang H F and Sun C. 2018. High-speed 3D printing of millimeter-size customized aspheric imaging lenses with sub 7 nm surface roughness.Adv. Mater.30, 1705683.

[5] [5] Hai R H, Shao G B, Ware H O T, Jones E H and Sun C. 2023. 3D printing a low-cost miniature accommodating optical microscope.Adv. Mater.35, 2208365.

[6] [6] Kotz F, Arnold K, Bauer W, Schild D, Keller N, Sachsenheimer K, Nargang T M, Richter C, Helmer D and Rapp B E. 2017. Three-dimensional printing of transparent fused silica glass.Nature544, 337–339.

[7] [7] Bauer J, Crook C and Baldacchini T. 2023. A sinterless, low-temperature route to 3D print nanoscale optical-grade glass.Science380, 960–966.

[8] [8] Cooperstein I, Indukuri S R K C, Bouketov A, Levy U and Magdassi S. 2020. 3D printing of micrometer-sized transparent ceramics with on-demand optical-gain properties.Adv. Mater.32, 2001675.

[9] [9] Ma X J, Li X Y, Li J Q, Genevois C, Ma B Q, Etienne A, Wan C L, Vron E, Peng Z J and Allix M. 2018. Pressureless glass crystallization of transparent yttrium aluminum garnetbased nanoceramics.Nat. Commun.9, 1175.

[10] [10] Xu H, Chen S, Hu R Z, Hu M Q, Xu Y, Yoon Y and Chen Y. 2023. Continuous vat photopolymerization for optical lens fabrication.Small19, 2300517.

[11] [11] Wang H et al. 2023. Two-photon polymerization lithography for optics and photonics: fundamentals, materials, technologies, and applications.Adv. Funct. Mater.33, 2214211.

[12] [12] Wen X W et al. 2021. 3D-printed silica with nanoscale resolution.Nat. Mater.20, 1506–1511.

[13] [13] Wang H et al. 2024. Two-photon polymerization lithography for imaging optics.Int. J. Extrem. Manuf.6, 042002.

[14] [14] Li Z Y et al. 2024. One-photon three-dimensional printed fused silica glass with sub-micron features.Nat. Commun.15, 2689.

[15] [15] Ge Q et al. 2021. 3D printing of highly stretchable hydrogel with diverse UV curable polymers.Sci. Adv.7, eaba4261.

[16] [16] Xu Y, Huang P, To S, Zhu L M and Zhu Z W. 2022. Low-cost volumetric 3D printing of high-precision miniature lenses in seconds.Adv. Opt. Mater.10, 2200488.

[17] [17] Ge Q, Li Z Q, Wang Z L, Kowsari K, Zhang W, He X N, Zhou J L and Fang N X. 2020. Projection micro stereolithography based 3D printing and its applications.Int. J. Extrem. Manuf.2, 022004.

[18] [18] Wu L and Dong Z C. 2023. Interfacial regulation for 3D printing based on slice-based photopolymerization.Adv. Mater.35, 2300903.

[19] [19] Wu J J, Guo J, Linghu C H, Lu Y H, Song J Z, Xie T and Zhao Q. 2021. Rapid digital light 3D printing enabled by a soft and deformable hydrogel separation interface.Nat. Commun.12, 6070.

[20] [20] Shan Y J, Hua J Y and Mao H C. 2024. 3D printing of optical lenses assisted by precision spin coating.Adv. Funct. Mater.34, 2407165.

[21] [21] Zhang Y, Wu L, Zou M M, Zhang L D and Song Y L. 2022. Suppressing the step effect of 3D printing for constructing contact lenses.Adv. Mater.34, 2107249.

[22] [22] Kelly B E, Bhattacharya I, Heidari H, Shusteff M, Spadaccini C M and Taylor H K. 2019. Volumetric additive manufacturing via tomographic reconstruction.Science363, 1075–1079.

[23] [23] Toombs J T, Luitz M, Cook C C, Jenne S, Li C C, Rapp B E, Kotz-Helmer F and Taylor H K. 2022. Volumetric additive manufacturing of silica glass with microscale computed axial lithography.Science376, 308–312.

[24] [24] Webber D, Zhang Y J, Sampson K L, Picard M, Lacelle T, Paquet C, Boisvert J and Orth A. 2024. Micro-optics fabrication using blurred tomography.Optica11, 665–672.

[25] [25] Shusteff M, Browar A E M, Kelly B E, Henriksson J, Weisgraber T H, Panas R M, Fang N X and Spadaccini C M. 2017. One-step volumetric additive manufacturing of complex polymer structures.Sci. Adv.3, eaao5496.

[26] [26] Orth A et al. 2023. Deconvolution volumetric additive manufacturing.Nat. Commun.14, 4412.

[27] [27] Darkes-Burkey C and Shepherd R F. 2024. Volumetric 3D printing of endoskeletal soft robots.Adv. Mater.36, 2402217.

[28] [28] Regehly M, Garmshausen Y, Reuter M, Knig N F, Israel E, Kelly D P, Chou C Y, Koch K, Asfari B and Hecht S. 2020. Xolography for linear volumetric 3D printing.Nature588, 620–624.

[29] [29] Hahn V, Rietz P, Hermann F, Mller P, Barner-Kowollik C, Schlder T, Wenzel W, Blasco E and Wegener M. 2022. Light-sheet 3D microprinting via two-colour two-step absorption.Nat. Photon.16, 784–791.

[30] [30] Stwe L, Geiger M, Rllgen F, Heinze T, Reuter M, Wessling M, Hecht S and Linkhorst J. 2023. Continuous volumetric 3D printing: xolography in flow.Adv. Mater.36, 2306716.

[31] [31] Loterie D, Delrot P and Moser C. 2020. High-resolution tomographic volumetric additive manufacturing.Nat. Commun.11, 852.

[32] [32] Axinte D and Billingham J. 2019. Time-dependent manufacturing processes lead to a new class of inverse problems.Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA116, 5341–5343.

[33] [33] Axinte D, Billingham J and Guillerna A B. 2017. New models for energy beam machining enable accurate generation of free forms.Sci. Adv.3, e1701201.

[34] [34] Zuo J X and Lin X C. 2022. High-power laser systems.Laser Photon. Rev.16, 2100741.

[35] [35] Cakmakci O, Moore B, Foroosh H and Rolland J P. 2008. Optimal local shape description for rotationally nonsymmetric optical surface design and analysis.Opt. Express16, 1583–1589.

[36] [36] Tang H S, Li H R, Feng Z X, Luo Y and Mao X L. 2024. Differentiable design of a double-freeform lens with multilevel radial basis functions for extended source irradiance tailoring.Optica11, 653–664.

[37] [37] Wang T Y et al. 2021. Universal dwell time optimization for deterministic optics fabrication.Opt. Express29, 38737–38757.

[38] [38] Kim D W, Kim S W and Burge J H. 2009. Non-sequential optimization technique for a computer controlled optical surfacing process using multiple tool influence functions.Opt. Express17, 21850–21866.

[39] [39] Su X and Yue X B. 2022. Nonlinear dwell-time algorithm for freeform surface generation by atmospheric-pressure plasma processing.Opt. Express30, 18348–18363.

[40] [40] Su X, Ji P, Jin Y, Li D, Qiao Z, Ding F, Yue X B and Wang B. 2021. Freeform surface generation by atmospheric pressure plasma processing using a time-variant influence function.Opt. Express29, 11479–11493.

[41] [41] Du X T, Xu Y, Liu H, Li Z L, Zhu L M and Zhu Z W. 2023. Precise and rapid replication of complex-shaped fused silica optics.Adv. Opt. Mater.11, 2300840.

[42] [42] Kotz F et al. 2016. Liquid glass: a facile soft replication method for structuring glass.Adv. Mater.28, 4646–4650.

[43] [43] Ypma T J. 1995. Historical development of the newton–raphson method.SIAM Rev.37, 531–551.

Tools

Get Citation

Copy Citation Text

Piao Chengxue, Du Xiaotong, Xu Ya, To Suet, Zhu Limin, Zhu Zhiwei. Time-dependent volumetric printing of precision lenses through dynamic laser writing[J]. International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing, 2025, 7(4): 45007

Download Citation

EndNote(RIS)BibTexPlain Text
Save article for my favorites
Paper Information

Category:

Received: Aug. 29, 2024

Accepted: Sep. 9, 2025

Published Online: Sep. 9, 2025

The Author Email:

DOI:10.1088/2631-7990/adbd0a

Topics