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Chinese Journal of Lasers, Volume. 45, Issue 12, 1210003(2018)

Refractive Index Sensing System Based on Fiber Laser Intracavity Modulation with a Low Detection Limit

Chao Zhang1,2,3、*, Degang Xu1,2,3、*, Jia Shi1,2,3, Kai Zhong1,2,3, Xujin Li3, Jianbo Xiong4,5, Shengnian Wang4,5, Yuchen Ren1,2, Linyu Chen1,2, Changzhao Li1,2, Tiegen Liu1,2, and Jianquan Yao1,2
Author Affiliations
  • 1 College of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
  • 2 Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information Technology, Tianjin University, Ministry of Education,Tianjin 300027, China
  • 3 Joint Laboratory for Ocean Observation and Detection, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
  • 4 CCCC Fourth Harbor Engineering Institute Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
  • 5 Key Laboratory of Harbor and Marine Structure Durability Technology of the Ministry of Communications, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
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    Figures & Tables(8)
    Schematic of SNCS fiber structure

    Fig. 1. Schematic of SNCS fiber structure

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    Simulated sensing characteristic of SNCS fiber structure. (a) Refractive index characteristic; (b) temperature characteristic

    Fig. 2. Simulated sensing characteristic of SNCS fiber structure. (a) Refractive index characteristic; (b) temperature characteristic

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    Experimental sensing characteristic of SNCS fiber structure. (a) Refractive index characteristic; (b) the relationship between self-imaging wavelength and external refractive index; (c) temperature characteristic; (d) the relationshipbetween self-imaging wavelength and external temperature

    Fig. 3. Experimental sensing characteristic of SNCS fiber structure. (a) Refractive index characteristic; (b) the relationship between self-imaging wavelength and external refractive index; (c) temperature characteristic; (d) the relationshipbetween self-imaging wavelength and external temperature

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    Schematic of refractive index sensing system based on intracavity modulation

    Fig. 4. Schematic of refractive index sensing system based on intracavity modulation

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    (a) Reflective spectrum of FBG and the refractive index response characteristic of the reflective sensing structure; (b) refractive index characteristic of the sensing system based on intracavity modulation; (c) the relationship between refractive index and SNR of the sensing system based on intracavity modulation, and the inserts are theoutput spectra of the sensing system at refractive indices of 1.3330 and 1.3624, respectively

    Fig. 5. (a) Reflective spectrum of FBG and the refractive index response characteristic of the reflective sensing structure; (b) refractive index characteristic of the sensing system based on intracavity modulation; (c) the relationship between refractive index and SNR of the sensing system based on intracavity modulation, and the inserts are theoutput spectra of the sensing system at refractive indices of 1.3330 and 1.3624, respectively

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    Relationship between output power of the sensing system and the external refractive index or temperature. (a) Linear fitting curve of refractive index; (b) linear fitting curve of temperature; (c) relationship between output power of the sensing system and the working temperature of FBG; (d) output stability of the sensing system

    Fig. 6. Relationship between output power of the sensing system and the external refractive index or temperature. (a) Linear fitting curve of refractive index; (b) linear fitting curve of temperature; (c) relationship between output power of the sensing system and the working temperature of FBG; (d) output stability of the sensing system

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    • Table 1. Parameters of optical fiber

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      Table 1. Parameters of optical fiber

      ParameterSMFNCF
      Length of NCF /mm—59
      Radius of fiber core /μm4.1562.5
      Radius of fiber cladding /μm62.5—
      RI of fiber core1.46811.446
      RI of fiber cladding1.4628—
      Thermo-optic coefficient /℃—1.06×10-5[16]
      Thermal expansion coefficient /℃—5.0×10-7[17]

    • Table 2. Performance parameters of refractive index sensing system based on intracavity modulation

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      Table 2. Performance parameters of refractive index sensing system based on intracavity modulation

      ParameterValve
      SNR /dB>49
      FWHM /pm<40
      RI sensitivity /(mW·RIU-1)0.54
      Output stability /pW76.6
      Cross-sensitivity of temperature /pW106.81
      Power resolution /pW0.2887
      Sensor resolution (3σ) /pW394.31
      Detection limit /RIU7.3×10-7
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    Chao Zhang, Degang Xu, Jia Shi, Kai Zhong, Xujin Li, Jianbo Xiong, Shengnian Wang, Yuchen Ren, Linyu Chen, Changzhao Li, Tiegen Liu, Jianquan Yao. Refractive Index Sensing System Based on Fiber Laser Intracavity Modulation with a Low Detection Limit[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2018, 45(12): 1210003

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    Paper Information

    Category: remote sensing and sensor

    Received: Jun. 14, 2018

    Accepted: Aug. 24, 2018

    Published Online: May. 9, 2019

    The Author Email:

    DOI:10.3788/CJL201845.1210003

    Topics

    laser devices and laser physics
    Lasers and Laser Optics
    Laser physics
    laser manufacturing
    Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology