Fig. 1. Schematic diagram for generating novel Kagome lattices. (a) Conventional setup may be composed by six pinholes, six transparent discs, and a lens with focal length f. The functional effect of their combination can be integrated into a single plane (b) with both amplitude modulation and phase modulation.

Fig. 2. (a) Schematic of the phase modulation using the metasurface of nano-apertures. The thickness of the gold film on the quartz substrate is 200 nm. For each nano-aperture, the length of each is L=150μm, the width is w=70μm, and the distance between neighboring apertures is 220 μm in both the x and y directions. Tuning the oriented angle difference α between two apertures, we can realize a certain phase shift of 2α in their transmitted waves. (b) Full image of the designed metasurface corresponding to Fig. 1(b). (c) SEM image of the fabricated metasurface.

Fig. 3. (a) Intensity distribution recorded by the CMOS. The intensity pattern is a periodic patchwork of hexagonal spot unit arrays and hourglass arrays consisting of five intensity maximums, as marked by red lines. (b) Interferogram of (a) and the reference wave. An interference fringe splits into two within the hourglass, but no splitting is seen within the hexagon.

Fig. 4. (a) Kagome lattice generated after a six-pinhole interferometer. (b) Interferogram of (a) with a tilted plane wave.