The metasurface has excellent performance as an ultra-thin micro-nano device. The use of metasurfaces to detect biomolecules has increasingly broad prospects. In this paper, the research progress of tunable metasurface detection of biomolecules is investigated, and the current research results are elaborated from the terahertz band, mid-infrared band and optical band. This paper focuses on the current methods of using applied voltage and changing ambient temperature to achieve tunable on the metasurface, summarizes and analyzes the performance of different biomolecules detected by the metasurface, and finally gives the opportunities and challenges for the future development of tunable metasurfaces in biomolecular detection.