With the rapid development of wind power industry, the recycling and treatment of retired wind turbine blades (RWTB) has attracted widespread attention. Wind turbine blades are mainly composed of glass fiber reinforced composites, and the limitations of recycling technology have become an important obstacle to the sustainable development of wind energy industry. The traditional chemical, pyrolysis and landfill methods not only cause waste of resources, but also lead to serious environmental pollution. In view of this, this paper reviews the current development status of installed wind power capacity and RWTB at both domestic and international levels, analyses the potential application of recycled materials prepared by mechanical recycling technologies as supplementary cementitious materials, concrete fillers or fiber reinforced materials in construction sector, and provides an in-depth analysis of the critical issues encountered in current research. In addition, this paper highlights the importance and potential value of resource utilization of RWTB, aiming to provide a scientific basis and decision-making reference for relevant policy formulation, technological advancement, as well as the recycling and resource application of RWTB.