[1] JIE K Q, HUANG H, QIN SH et al. Electronically controlled time-domain integral average depolarizer based on a barium titanate (BTO) metasurface[J]. Nanomaterials, 12, 1228(2022).

[2] QIN SH, HUANG H, JIE K Q et al. Active modulating the intensity of bifocal metalens with electrically tunable barium titanate (BTO) nanofins[J]. Nanomaterials, 11, 2023(2021).

[3] QIN SH, XU N, HUANG H et al. Near-infrared thermally modulated varifocal metalens based on the phase change material Sb₂S₃[J]. Optics Express, 29, 7925-7934(2021).

[4] YIN Y, YANG Y, LI T et al. High-dynamic-resolution optical edge detection based on liquid crystal diffractive moiré lenses with a tunable focal length[J]. Optics Letters, 46, 2549-2552(2021).

[5] LI Y, FAN X H, GUO X Y et al. Metasurface for oscillatory spin splitting along the optical path[J]. Photonics Research, 10, B7-B13(2022).

[6] DONG S Y, ZHANG ZH Y, XIE L Y et al. Broadband depolarized perfect Littrow diffraction with multilayer freeform metagratings[J]. Optica, 10, 585-593(2023).

[7] WANG Q, TU CH H, LI Y N et al. Polarization singularities: progress, fundamental physics, and prospects[J]. APL Photonics, 6, 040901(2021).

[8] LI SH Q, WANG ZH, DONG SH H et al. Helicity-delinked manipulations on surface waves and propagating waves by metasurfaces[J]. Nanophotonics, 9, 3473-3481(2020).

[9] QIAN CH, YANG Y, HUA Y F et al. Breaking the fundamental scattering limit with gain metasurfaces[J]. Nature Communications, 13, 4383(2022).

[10] KANG M, CHONG Y D. Coherent optical control of polarization with a critical metasurface[J]. Physical Review A, 92, 043826(2015).

[11] FENG L, EL-GANAINY R, GE L. Non-Hermitian photonics based on parity–time symmetry[J]. Nature Photonics, 11, 752-762(2017).

[12] EL-GANAINY R, MAKRIS K G, KHAJAVIKHAN M et al. Non-hermitian physics and PT symmetry[J]. Nature Physics, 14, 11-19(2018).

[13] LI A D, WEI H, COTRUFO M et al. Exceptional points and non-Hermitian photonics at the nanoscale[J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 18, 706-720(2023).

[14] WANG CH Q, JIANG X F, ZHAO G M et al. Electromagnetically induced transparency at a chiral exceptional point[J]. Nature Physics, 16, 334-340(2020).

[15] WONG Z J, XU Y L, KIM J et al. Lasing and anti-lasing in a single cavity[J]. Nature Photonics, 10, 796-801(2016).

[16] BAI P, DING K, WANG G et al. Simultaneous realization of a coherent perfect absorber and laser by zero-index media with both gain and loss[J]. Physical Review A, 94, 063841(2016).

[17] HONG X M, HU G W, ZHAO W CH et al. Structuring nonlinear wavefront emitted from monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides[J]. Research, 2020, 9085782(2020).

[18] GUAN F X, GUO X D, ZENG K B et al. Overcoming losses in superlenses with synthetic waves of complex frequency[J]. Science, 381, 766-771(2023).

[19] FENG L, XU Y L, FEGADOLLI W S et al. Experimental demonstration of a unidirectional reflectionless parity-time metamaterial at optical frequencies[J]. Nature Materials, 12, 108-113(2013).

[20] LAWRENCE M, XU N N, ZHANG X Q et al. Manifestation of PT symmetry breaking in polarization space with terahertz metasurfaces[J]. Physical Review Letters, 113, 093901(2014).

[21] WU X R, ZHU J X, LIN F et al. Study of a high-index dielectric non-Hermitian metasurface and its application in holograms[J]. ACS Omega, 7, 44743-44749(2022).

[22] YANG Y, WANG Y P, RAO J et al. Unconventional singularity in anti-parity-time symmetric cavity magnonics[J]. Physical Review Letters, 125, 147202(2020).

[23] FU P, DU SH, LAN W Z et al. Deep learning enabled topological design of exceptional points for multi-optical-parameter control[J]. Communications Physics, 6, 254(2023).

[24] LIU M Q, CHEN W J, HU G W et al. Spectral phase singularity and topological behavior in perfect absorption[J]. Physical Review B, 107, L241403(2023).

[25] SONG Q H, ODEH M, ZÚÑIGA-PÉREZ J et al. Plasmonic topological metasurface by encircling an exceptional point[J]. Science, 373, 1133-1137(2021).

[26] KANG M, CHEN J, CHONG Y D. Chiral exceptional points in metasurfaces[J]. Physical Review A, 94, 033834(2016).

[27] PARK S H, LEE S G, BAEK S et al. Observation of an exceptional point in a non-Hermitian metasurface[J]. Nanophotonics, 9, 1031-1039(2020).

[28] [28] BAEK S, PARK S H, OH D, et al. Nonhermitian chiral degeneracy of gated graphene metasurfaces[J]. Light: Science & Applications, 2023, 12(1): 87.

[29] [29] HE T, ZHANG ZH Y, ZHU J Y, et al. Scattering exceptional point in the visible[J]. Light: Science & Applications, 2023, 12(1): 229.

[30] LIU M Q, XIA SH, WAN W J et al. Broadband mid-infrared non-reciprocal absorption using magnetized gradient epsilon-near-zero thin films[J]. Nature Materials, 22, 1196-1202(2023).

[31] RÜTER C E, MAKRIS K G, EL-GANAINY R et al. Observation of parity–time symmetry in optics[J]. Nature Physics, 6, 192-195(2010).

[32] WANG SH B, HOU B, LU W X et al. Arbitrary order exceptional point induced by photonic spin–orbit interaction in coupled resonators[J]. Nature Communications, 10, 832(2019).

[33] QI H X, HU X Y, WANG X Y et al. Encircling an exceptional point in a multiwaveguide anti–parity-time-symmetry system[J]. Physical Review A, 103, 063520(2021).

[34] ZHANG X L, CHAN C T. Dynamically encircling exceptional points in a three-mode waveguide system[J]. Communications Physics, 2, 63(2019).

[35] LIU Q J, WANG T T, LEI Q et al. Nonreciprocal topological mode conversion by encircling an exceptional point in dynamic waveguides[J]. Optics Letters, 48, 4089-4092(2023).

[36] DONG SH H, HU G W, WANG Q et al. Loss-assisted metasurface at an exceptional point[J]. ACS Photonics, 7, 3321-3327(2020).

[37] YANG Z J, HUANG P SH, LIN Y T et al. Creating pairs of exceptional points for arbitrary polarization control: asymmetric vectorial wavefront modulation[J]. Nature Communications, 15, 232(2024).

[38] ERGOKTAS M S, SOLEYMANI S, KAKENOV N et al. Topological engineering of terahertz light using electrically tunable exceptional point singularities[J]. Science, 376, 184-188(2022).

[39] YU ZH Y, HE W B, HU S Y et al. Creating anti-chiral exceptional points in non-hermitian metasurfaces for efficient terahertz switching[J]. Advanced Science, 11, 2402615(2024).

[40] GAO F, JIN G L, LIU H et al. High-performance full-stokes polarization detection at exceptional point in a non-hermitian metasurface[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 123, 011705(2023).

[41] LI Y CH, DENG ZH W, QIN CH H et al. Bifunctional sensing based on an exceptional point with bilayer metasurfaces[J]. Optics Express, 31, 492-501(2023).

[42] YANG J X, XIA D X, ZHI Q J. Optical differential operation near exceptional points[J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 169, 109982(2024).

[43] YANG Z J, HUANG P SH, LIN Y T et al. Asymmetric full-color vectorial meta-holograms empowered by pairs of exceptional points[J]. Nano Letters, 24, 844-851(2024).

[44] YU N F, GENEVET P, KATS M A et al. Light propagation with phase discontinuities: generalized laws of reflection and refraction[J]. Science, 334, 333-337(2011).

[45] SUN SH L, YANG K Y, WANG C M et al. High-efficiency broadband anomalous reflection by gradient meta-surfaces[J]. Nano Letters, 12, 6223-6229(2012).

[46] CHENG F, GAO J, LUK T S et al. Structural color printing based on plasmonic metasurfaces of perfect light absorption[J]. Scientific Reports, 5, 11045(2015).

[47] YAN CH, LI X, PU M B et al. Generation of polarization-sensitive modulated optical vortices with all-dielectric metasurfaces[J]. ACS Photonics, 6, 628-633(2019).

[48] PARK J S, ZHANG SH Y, SHE A L et al. All-glass, large metalens at visible wavelength using deep-ultraviolet projection lithography[J]. Nano Letters, 19, 8673-8682(2019).

[49] MAKAROV S V, MILICHKO V, USHAKOVA E V et al. Multifold emission enhancement in nanoimprinted hybrid perovskite metasurfaces[J]. ACS Photonics, 4, 728-735(2017).

[50] LIU T, AN SH W, GU ZH M et al. Chirality-switchable acoustic vortex emission via non-Hermitian selective excitation at an exceptional point[J]. Science Bulletin, 67, 1131-1136(2022).

[51] WANG L, LIU H, LI T et al. Resonant exceptional points sensing in terahertz metasurfaces[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 124, 131701(2024).

[52] WU X R, ZHAO X F, LIN Y H et al. Twins of exceptional points with opposite chirality for non-hermitian metasurfaces[J]. ACS Photonics, 11, 2054-2060(2024).

[53] [53] SHU X Q, ZHONG Q, HONG K, et al. Chiral transmission by an open evolution trajecty in a nonHermitian system[J]. Light: Science & Applications, 2024, 13(1): 65.

[54] CERJAN A, HUANG SH, WANG M H et al. Experimental realization of a Weyl exceptional ring[J]. Nature Photonics, 13, 623-628(2019).

[55] SANCHEZ D S, COCHRAN T A, BELOPOLSKI I et al. Tunable topologically driven Fermi arc van Hove singularities[J]. Nature Physics, 19, 682-688(2023).

[56] ZHOU H Y, PENG CH, YOON Y et al. Observation of bulk Fermi arc and polarization half charge from paired exceptional points[J]. Science, 359, 1009-1012(2018).

[57] CHENG H, GAO W L, BI Y G et al. Vortical reflection and spiraling Fermi arcs with Weyl metamaterials[J]. Physical Review Letters, 125, 093904(2020).

[58] MANDAL I, BERGHOLTZ E J. Symmetry and higher-order exceptional points[J]. Physical Review Letters, 127, 186601(2021).

[59] XIONG W, LI ZH X, ZHANG G Q et al. Higher-order exceptional point in a blue-detuned non-Hermitian cavity optomechanical system[J]. Physical Review A, 106, 033518(2022).

[60] FANG X SH, GERARD N J R K, ZHOU ZH L et al. Observation of higher-order exceptional points in a non-local acoustic metagrating[J]. Communications Physics, 4, 271(2021).

[61] QIN H Y, SHI Y ZH, SU Z P et al. Exploiting extraordinary topological optical forces at bound states in the continuum[J]. Science Advances, 8, eade7556(2022).

[62] LEE T E. Anomalous edge state in a non-Hermitian lattice[J]. Physical Review Letters, 116, 133903(2016).

[63] KUNST F K, EDVARDSSON E, BUDICH J C et al. Biorthogonal bulk-boundary correspondence in non-Hermitian systems[J]. Physical Review Letters, 121, 026808(2018).

[64] FRANCA S, KÖNYE V, HASSLER F et al. Non-Hermitian physics without gain or loss: the skin effect of reflected waves[J]. Physical Review Letters, 129, 086601(2022).

[65] WEIDEMANN S, KREMER M, HELBIG T et al. Topological funneling of light[J]. Science, 368, 311-314(2020).

[66] FANG ZH N, HU M Y, ZHOU L et al. Geometry-dependent skin effects in reciprocal photonic crystals[J]. Nanophotonics, 11, 3447-3456(2022).

[67] SUN Y Y, HOU X R, WAN T et al. Photonic floquet skin-topological effect[J]. Physical Review Letters, 132, 063804(2024).

[68] JIN L, SONG ZH. Symmetry-protected scattering in non-Hermitian linear systems[J]. Chinese Physics Letters, 38, 024202(2021).

[69] XIA SH Q, KALTSAS D, SONG D H et al. Nonlinear tuning of PT symmetry and non-hermitian topological states[J]. Science, 372, 72-76(2021).

[70] YI Y F, YANG ZH S. Non-hermitian skin modes induced by on-site dissipations and chiral tunneling effect[J]. Physical Review Letters, 125, 186802(2020).

[71] JIN L, SONG Z. Bulk-boundary correspondence in a non-Hermitian system in one dimension with chiral inversion symmetry[J]. Physical Review B, 99, 081103(2019).

[72] YANG ZH S, ZHANG K, FANG CH et al. Non-hermitian bulk-boundary correspondence and auxiliary generalized Brillouin zone theory[J]. Physical Review Letters, 125, 226402(2020).