Photonics Research, Volume. 13, Issue 9, 2520(2025)
Multi-mechanism-empowered single-functional-layer metasurface simultaneously with microwave scattering reduction, infrared digital camouflage, and optical transparency
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Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of multimechanism-empowered functional metasurface for microwave, infrared, and visible bands.
Fig. 2. (a) Structural hierarchy and components of the meta-atoms. (b) Structural parameters of Type I. (c) Structural parameters of Type II. (d) Structural parameters of Type III.
Fig. 3. (a) Microwave performance of Type I. (b) Microwave performance of Type II. (d) Microwave performance of Type III. (d) Efficiency proportion of different mechanisms at 10 GHz.
Fig. 4. (a) Cross-polarized reflected phase of different meta-atoms and the 2D phase gray-scale distribution. (b) RCS comparison of the metasurface and ITO plate in incident direction. (c) 3D scattering of the metasurface at 8, 10, and 12 GHz in 0°, 30°, and 60°. (d) 3D scattering of the ITO plates at 8, 10, and 12 GHz in 0°, 30°, 60°.
Fig. 5. (a) Environment of the microwave experiment. (b) RCS values from simulation and experiments with the incidence at 0°, 15°, and 30°. (c) Visual effect of the sample. (d) Measurement of visible light transmittance.
Fig. 6. (a) Measurement of mean infrared emissivity. (b) Infrared spectrum instrument and measurement of infrared emissivity at 3–14 μm. (c) Optical transparency performance and the corresponding infrared camouflage protection effects. (d) Infrared imagery of the sample at different temperatures.
Fig. 7. (a) Cross-sectional current diagrams of meta-atom I; (b) cross-sectional current diagrams of meta-atom II; (c) cross-sectional current diagrams of meta-atom III.
Fig. 8. (a) Electric field intensity distribution of meta-atom I; (b) electric field intensity distribution of meta-atom II; (c) electric field intensity distribution of meta-atom III.
Fig. 9. (a) Intuitive explanation of the
Table 1. Comparison of the Proposed Metasurface with Previously Reported Studies
View tableView in ArticleTable 1. Comparison of the Proposed Metasurface with Previously Reported Studies
Reference Relative Stealth Microwave Bandwidth Infrared Camouflage Performance Number of Functional Layers Type of Infrared Emissivity on the Surface [ 23 ]40% 0.31 (3–14 μm) 1 I [ 28 ]40% 0.12 (3–5 μm)0.11 (8–14 μm) 3 II [ 34 ]66.7% 0.30 (8–14 μm) 2 I [ 46 ]91% 0.20 (3–14 μm) 2 I This work 54.5% 0.30–0.80 (3–14 μm) 1 IV
Table 2. Structural Parameters of the Meta-atoms
View tableView in ArticleTable 2. Structural Parameters of the Meta-atoms
Type of Meta-atom Parameter Value (mm) For every meta-atom Depth of the dielectric layer 3.00 Period size of every meta-atom 10.00 Type I Right-angled side of a triangular arrow 5.68 Base of the triangular arrow 8.04 Length of bridge 3.00 Width of bridge 1.00 Type II Length of bridge 7.38 Width of bridge 1.50 Length of arrow 5.05 Width of arrow 1.50 Type III Length of square ring 9.20 Width of square ring 0.85 Opening width of ring 3.00 Length of inside patch 5.96 Width of patch seam 1.00
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Huiting Sun, Jun Wang, Ruichao Zhu, Sai Sui, Zhaotang Liu, Jie Zhang, Yina Cui, Shaobo Qu, Jiafu Wang, "Multi-mechanism-empowered single-functional-layer metasurface simultaneously with microwave scattering reduction, infrared digital camouflage, and optical transparency," Photonics Res. 13, 2520 (2025)
Paper Information
Category: Surface Optics and Plasmonics
Received: Jan. 17, 2025
Accepted: Jun. 11, 2025
Published Online: Aug. 25, 2025
The Author Email: Jun Wang (wangjun563@163.com), Ruichao Zhu (zhuruichao1996@163.com), Jiafu Wang (wangjiafu1981@126.com)
CSTR:32188.14.PRJ.555352
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