Chinese Optics, Volume. 12, Issue 6, 1179(2019)

Review on progress of variable-focus liquid lens

HUANG Xiang1, LIN Si-ying1, GU Dan-dan2, BU Zhen-xiang1, YI Wei-jin1, XIE Pei-qin1, and WANG Ling-yun1
Author Affiliations
  • 1[in Chinese]
  • 2[in Chinese]
  • show less
    References(97)

    [1] [1] GU J N,SHANG ZH Y,TANG SH X,et al.. The symposium on some key technologies of intelligent manufacturing[J]. Machine Design and Manufacturing Engineering,2017,46(9): 11-15.(in Chinese)

    [2] [2] RUAN J M. Machine vision: let made in China 2025 “see” farther[J]. New Economy Weekly,2017(z1): 80-83.(in Chinese)

    [3] [3] WANG Y N,CHEN T J,HE ZH D,et al.. Review on the machine vision measurement and control technology for intelligent manufacturing equipment[J]. Control Theory & Applications,2015,32(3): 273-286.(in Chinese)

    [4] [4] SUN J W,MENG Y,TAN J Y,et al.. A vision-based perception framework for outdoor navigation tasks applicable to legged robots[C]. 2017 Chinese Automation Congress,IEEE,2017: 2894-2899.

    [5] [5] ZHANG H,LI X L,ZHONG H,et al.. Automated machine vision system for liquid particle inspection of pharmaceutical injection[J]. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,2018,67(6): 1278-1297.

    [6] [6] JOSHI K D,CHAUHAN V,SURGENOR B. A flexible machine vision system for small part inspection based on a hybrid SVM/ANN approach[J]. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing,2018: 1-23.

    [7] [7] TONG J G,LIAO F,LUO L CH. Design of bottle cap encapsulation testing based on machine vision[J]. Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Technology,2016,45(8): 28-31.(in Chinese)

    [8] [8] LIU M ZH,MA J,ZHANG M,et al.. Online operation method for assembly system of mechanical products based on machine vision[J]. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2015,21(9): 2343-2353.(in Chinese)

    [9] [9] LI L L,XIONG B H,JIA H L. Application of high-speed sorting systems robot machine vision technology[J]. Equipment Manufacturing Technology,2016(11): 11-12, 31.(in Chinese)

    [10] [10] ZHONG Y H,GAO J Y,LEI Q L,et al.. A vision-based counting and recognition system for flying insects in intelligent agriculture[J]. Sensors,2018,18(5): 1489.

    [16] [16] SHAHINI A,JIN H,ZHOU ZH X,et al.. Toward individually tunable compound eyes with transparent graphene electrode[J]. Bioinspiration & Biomimetics,2017,12(4): 046002.

    [17] [17] LIANG D,WANG X Y. A bio-inspired optical system with a polymer membrane and integrated structure[J]. Bioinspiration & Biomimetics,2016,11(6): 066008.

    [18] [18] KONG M M,CHEN D,CHEN X,et al.. Research of the human eye model with variable-focus liquid lens[J]. Microfluidics and Nanofluidics,2017,21(3): 40.

    [19] [19] CHENG Y,CAO J,MENG L T,et al.. Reducing defocus aberration of a compound and human hybrid eye using liquid lens[J]. Applied Optics,2018,57(7): 1679-1688.

    [22] [22] BEZRUCHENKO V S,MURAVSKY A A,MURAUSKI A A,et al.. Tunable liquid crystal lens based on pretilt angle gradient alignment[J]. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals,2016,626(1): 222-228.

    [23] [23] LI H,PAN F,WU Y T,et al.. Improvement in imaging contrast feature of liquid crystal lens with the dopant of multi-walled carbon nanotubes[J]. Applied Optics,2017,56(23): 6655-6662.

    [24] [24] LI H, PENG J, PAN F,et al.. Focal stack camera in all-in-focus imaging via an electrically tunable liquid crystal lens doped with multi-walled carbon nanotubes[J]. Optics Express,2018,26(10): 12441-12454.

    [26] [26] GIDEN I H,ETI N,REZAEI B,et al.. Adaptive graded index photonic crystal lens design via nematic liquid crystals[J]. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics,2016,52(10): 6400607.

    [27] [27] CHANG K H,VARANYTSIA A,CHIEN L C. Electrically tunable liquid crystal lens with suppressed axial chromatic aberration[J]. Applied Physics Letters,2017,111(3): 2401-2410.

    [28] [28] DOU H,CHU F,GUO Y Q,et al.. Large aperture liquid crystal lens array using a composited alignment layer[J]. Optics Express,2018,26(7): 9254-9262.

    [29] [29] LPEZ C A,LEE C C,HIRSA A H. Electrochemically activated adaptive liquid lens[J]. Applied Physics Letters,2005,87(13): 134102.

    [30] [30] LU Y SH,TU H E,XU Y,et al.. Tunable dielectric liquid lens on flexible substrate[J]. Applied Physics Letters,2013,103(26): 261113.

    [31] [31] JIN B Y,REN H W,CHOI W K. Dielectric liquid lens with chevron-patterned electrode[J]. Optics Express,2017,25(26): 32411-32419.

    [32] [32] ALMOALLEM Y D,JIANG H R. Double-sided design of electrodes driving tunable dielectrophoretic miniature lens[J]. Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems,2017,26(5): 1122-1131.

    [33] [33] LIAO K W,WANG W J,LUO R C,et al.. Development of portable microscope with tunable working distance by using dielectric liquid lens[C]. 2014 International Conference on Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics,IEEE,2014: 153-154.

    [34] [34] LI L,LIU CH,REN H W,et al.. Optical switchable electrowetting lens[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2016,28(14): 1505-1508.

    [35] [35] BERGE B,PESEUX J. Variable focal lens controlled by an external voltage: An application of electrowetting[J]. The European Physical Journal E,2000,3(2): 159-163.

    [36] [36] BERGE B. Liquid lens technology: principle of electrowetting based lenses and applications to imaging[C]. Proceedings of the 18th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems,IEEE,2005.

    [37] [37] KOPP D,BRENDER T,ZAPPE H. All-liquid dual-lens optofluidic zoom system[J]. Applied Optics,2017,56(13): 3758-3763.

    [38] [38] WEI X,KAWAMURA G,MUTO H,et al.. Fabrication on low voltage driven electrowetting liquid lens by dip coating processes[J]. Thin Solid Films,2016,608: 16-20.

    [39] [39] LI L,WANG J H,WANG Q H,et al.. Displaceable and focus-tunable electrowetting optofluidic lens[J]. Optics Express,2018,26(20): 25839-25848.

    [40] [40] HAO CH L,LIU Y H,CHEN X M,et al.. Electrowetting on liquid-infused film(EWOLF): Complete reversibility and controlled droplet oscillation suppression for fast optical imaging[J]. Scientific Reports,2014,4: 6846.

    [41] [41] SATO S. Liquid-crystal lens-cells with variable focal length[J]. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics,1979,18(9): 1679-1684.

    [42] [42] NOSE T,MASUDA S,SATO S. A liquid crystal microlens with hole-patterned electrodes on both substrates[J]. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics,1992,31(5B): 1643-1646.

    [43] [43] REN H W,WU S T. Introduction to Adaptive Lenses[M]. Hoboken: Wiley,2012: 181-183.

    [44] [44] HAWKINS B G,SMITH A E,SYED Y A,et al.. Continuous-flow particle separation by 3D insulative dielectrophoresis using coherently shaped, DC-biased, AC electric fields[J]. Analytical Chemistry,2007,79(19): 7291-7300.

    [45] [45] HAN CH G,GUO Y B. Current development in liquid micro-lens based on electrowetting technology[J]. Machinery Design & Manufacture,2010(9): 247-249.(in Chinese)

    [46] [46] MUGELE F,BARET J C. Electrowetting: from basics to applications[J]. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter,2005,17(28): R705-R774.

    [47] [47] POUYDEBASQUE A,BRIDOUX C,JACQUET F,et al.. Varifocal liquid lenses with integrated actuator, high focusing power and low operating voltage fabricated on 200 mm wafers[J]. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical,2011,172(1): 280-286.

    [48] [48] POUYDEBASQUE A,BOLIS S,BRIDOUX C,et al.. Process optimization and performance analysis of an electrostatically actuated varifocal liquid lens[C]. 2011 16th international Solid-state Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Conference,IEEE,2011.

    [49] [49] OH S H,RHEE K,CHUNG S K. Electromagnetically driven liquid lens[J]. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical,2016,240: 153-159.

    [50] [50] LEE S W,LEE S S. Focal tunable liquid lens integrated with an electromagnetic actuator[J]. Applied Physics Letters,2007,90(12): 121129.

    [51] [51] CHENG H CH,XU S,LIU Y F,et al.. Adaptive mechanical-wetting lens actuated by ferrofluids[J]. Optics Communications,2011,284(8): 2118-2121.

    [52] [52] YU H,ZHOU G,CHAU F S,et al.. Tunable electromagnetically actuated liquid-filled lens[J]. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical,2011,167(2): 602-607.

    [53] [53] XIAO W J,HARDT S. An adaptive liquid microlens driven by a ferrofluidic transducer[J]. Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering,2010,20(5): 055032.

    [55] [55] PATRA R,AGARWAL S,KONDARAJU S,et al.. Membrane-less variable focus liquid lens with manual actuation[J]. Optics Communications,2017,389: 74-78.

    [56] [56] HASAN N,KIM H,MASTRANGELO C H. Large aperture tunable-focus liquid lens using shape memory alloy spring[J]. Optics Express,2016,24(12): 13334-13342.

    [57] [57] ZHAO P P,ATAMAN C,ZAPPE H. Gravity-immune liquid-filled tunable lens with reduced spherical aberration[J]. Applied Optics,2016,55(28): 7816-7823.

    [58] [58] LIANG D,LIANG D T,WANG X Y,et al.. Flexible fluidic lens with polymer membrane and multi-flow structure[J]. Optics Communications,2018,421: 7-13.

    [59] [59] MALYUK A Y,IVANOVA N A. Varifocal liquid lens actuated by laser-induced thermal Marangoni forces[J]. Applied Physics Letters,2018,112(10): 103701.

    [60] [60] SHIMIZU Y,KOYAMA D,FUKUI M,et al.. Ultrasound liquid crystal lens[J]. Applied Physics Letters,2018,112(16): 161104.

    [61] [61] LIU H L,SHI Y,LIANG L,et al.. A liquid thermal gradient refractive index lens and using it to trap single living cell in flowing environments[J]. Lab on a Chip,2017,17(7): 1280-1286.

    [62] [62] LIANG L,ZHU X Q,LIU H L,et al.. A switchable 3D liquid-liquid biconvex lens with enhanced resolution using Dean flow[J]. Lab on a Chip,2017,17(19): 3258-3263.

    [63] [63] WEE D,HWANG S H,SONG Y S,et al.. Tunable optofluidic birefringent lens[J]. Soft Matter,2016,12(17) 3868-3876.

    [64] [64] SONG CH L,LUONG T D,KONG T F,et al.. Disposable flow cytometer with high efficiency in particle counting and sizing using an optofluidic lens[J]. Optics Letters,2011,36(5): 657-659.

    [65] [65] CHEN Q M,LI T G,ZHU Y J,et al.. Dielectrophoresis-actuated in-plane optofluidic lens with tunability of focal length from negative to positive[J]. Optics Express,2018,26(6): 6532-6541.

    [66] [66] CHEN Q M,LI T H,LI ZH H,et al.. Dielectrophoresis-actuated liquid lenses with dual air/liquid interfaces tuned from biconcave to biconvex[J]. Lab on a Chip,2018,18(24): 3849-3854.

    [67] [67] CHEN Q M,LI T H,LI ZH H,et al.. Optofluidic tunable lenses for in-plane light manipulation[J]. Micromachines,2018,9(3): 97.

    [68] [68] MIN L L,CHEN S Y,SHENG ZH ZH,et al.. Development and application of bio-inspired and biomimetic microfluidics[J]. Acta Physica Sinica,2016,65(17): 178301.(in Chinese)

    [69] [69] YE M,WANG B,SATO S. Realization of liquid crystal lens of large aperture and low driving voltages using thin layer of weakly conductive material[J]. Optics Express,2008,16(6): 4302-4308.

    [70] [70] BEECKMAN J,YANG T H,NYS I,et al.. Multi-electrode tunable liquid crystal lenses with one lithography step[J]. Optics Letters,2018,43(2): 271-274.

    [71] [71] HU SH L,PENG R L,LI Y F,et al.. Research on the double-liquid lens with double-layer dielectric films[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica,2014,43(2): 0223003.(in Chinese)

    [72] [72] WEI M W,PENG R L,TANG ZH Y,et al.. Study on theory and technology of low voltage variable-focus double liquid lens[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica,2015,44(5): 36-40.(in Chinese)

    [73] [73] LEE J,KIM J,KIM D,et al.. Low voltage electrowetting lenticular lens by using multilayer dielectric structure[J]. Proceedings of SPIE,2017,10116: 1011609.

    [74] [74] SUN W,YANG F Q. Evaporation of a volatile liquid lens on the surface of an immiscible liquid[J]. Langmuir,2016,32(24): 6058-6067.

    [75] [75] HU X D,ZHANG SH G,LIU Y,et al.. Electrowetting based infrared lens using ionic liquids[J]. Applied Physics Letters,2011,99(21): 213505.

    [76] [76] BAE J W,SHIN E J,JEONG J,et al.. High-performance PVC gel for adaptive micro-lenses with variable focal length[J]. Scientific Reports,2017,7(1): 2068.

    [77] [77] SHI L,YANG R S,LU SH Y,et al.. Dielectric gels with ultra-high dielectric constant, low elastic modulus, and excellent transparency[J]. NPG Asia Materials,2018,10(8): 821-826.

    [78] [78] WANG SH M,WU P C,SU V C,et al.. A broadband achromatic metalens in the visible[J]. Nature Nanotechnology,2018,13(3): 227-323.

    [79] [79] SHE A,ZHANG SH Y,SHIAN S,et al.. Adaptive metalenses with simultaneous electrical control of focal length, astigmatism, and shift[J]. Science Advances,2018,4(2): eaap9957.

    [80] [80] WATSON A M,DEASE K,TERRAB S,et al.. Focus-tunable low-power electrowetting lenses with thin parylene films[J]. Applied Optics,2015,54(20): 6224-6229.

    [81] [81] VAFAEI S,PODOWSKI M Z. Theoretical analysis on the effect of liquid droplet geometry on contact angle[J]. Nuclear Engineering and Design,2005,235(10-12): 1293-1301.

    [82] [82] REN H W,XU S,WU S T. Effects of gravity on the shape of liquid droplets[J]. Optics Communications,2010,283(17): 3255-3258.

    [83] [83] LI L,WANG Q H,JIANG W. Liquid lens with double tunable surfaces for large power tunability and improved optical performance[J]. Journal of Optics,2011,13(11): 115503.

    [84] [84] ZHANG W,LIU P F,WEI X N,et al.. The analysis of the wavefront aberration caused by the gravity of the tunable-focus liquid-filled membrane lens[J]. Proceedings of SPIE,2010,7849: 78491W.

    [85] [85] POKORN P,MEJKAL F,KULMON P,et al.. Calculation of nonlinearly deformed membrane shape of liquid lens caused by uniform pressure[J]. Applied Optics,2017,56(21): 5939-5947.

    [86] [86] DING Z Q,WANG CH H,HU ZH X,et al.. Surface profiling of an aspherical liquid lens with a varied thickness membrane[J]. Optics Express,2017,25(4): 3122-3132.

    [88] [88] ZOHRABI M,CORMACK R H,MCCULLOUGH C,et al.. Numerical analysis of wavefront aberration correction using multielectrode electrowetting-based devices[J]. Optics Express,2017,25(25): 31451-31461.

    [89] [89] MISHRA K,MURADE C,CARREEL B,et al.. Optofluidic lens with tunable focal length and asphericity[J]. Scientific Reports,2014,4: 6378.

    [90] [90] BEGEL L,GALSTIAN T. Liquid crystal lens with corrected wavefront asymmetry[J]. Applied Optics,2018,57(18): 5072-5078.

    [91] [91] GUO X,ZHANG W,SU J H,et al.. Design of a focus-tunable capsule endoscope system[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica,2015,44(5): 179-183.(in Chinese)

    [92] [92] XIONG K D,YANG S H,LI X W,et al.. Autofocusing optical-resolution photoacoustic endoscopy[J]. Optics Letters,2018,43(8): 1846-1849.

    [94] [94] LI L,YUAN R Y,WANG J H,et al.. Electrically optofluidic zoom system with a large zoom range and high-resolution image[J]. Optics Express,2017,25(19): 22280-22291.

    [95] [95] REZA S A,RIZA N A. A liquid lens-based broadband variable fiber optical attenuator[J]. Optics Communications,2009,282(7): 1298-1303.

    [96] [96] AMIRSOLAIMANI B,PEYMAN G,SCHWIEGERLING J,et al.. A new low-cost, compact, auto-phoropter for refractive assessment in developing countries[J]. Scientific Reports,2017,7(1): 13990.

    [97] [97] XU CH L,ZHAO W CH,HU J H,et al.. Liquid lens-based optical sectioning tomography for three-dimensional flame temperature measurement[J]. Fuel,2017,196: 550-563.

    CLP Journals

    [1] Yan-lei LIU, Meng-zhe LI, Xuan-xuan WANG. Lightweight YOLOv5s vehicle infrared image target detection[J]. Chinese Optics, 2023, 16(5): 1045

    [2] Peng HUANG, Xiao-ying YANG, Bin CHEN, Yue SONG. Repeated zoom accuracy index of an electrowetting lens and its optimization method[J]. Chinese Optics, 2023, 16(4): 868

    [3] Peng HUANG, Yue SONG, Fei-Qiang ZHOU, Yi-Hang ZHOU, Guo-Qiang HE, Zhong-Yi XIE, Xin-Long ZHANG. Optimizing structural parameters of electrowetting triple-liquid lens based on joint simulation technology[J]. Chinese Optics, 2025, 18(1): 78

    [4] ZHANG Jia-lun, YU Tao, HUANG Zhi-yu, PAN Guo-bin. Correcting the monochromatic aberration of the electrowetting liquid lens focusing system using liquid crystal lens[J]. Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays, 2021, 36(7): 954

    Tools

    Get Citation

    Copy Citation Text

    HUANG Xiang, LIN Si-ying, GU Dan-dan, BU Zhen-xiang, YI Wei-jin, XIE Pei-qin, WANG Ling-yun. Review on progress of variable-focus liquid lens[J]. Chinese Optics, 2019, 12(6): 1179

    Download Citation

    EndNote(RIS)BibTexPlain Text
    Save article for my favorites
    Paper Information

    Category: reviews

    Received: Jan. 18, 2019

    Accepted: --

    Published Online: Jan. 19, 2020

    The Author Email:

    DOI:10.3788/co.20191206.1179

    Topics