Silk has excellent optical properties and has broad application prospects in the field of optical devices. This article introduces the research progress of three silk optical devices: silk optical waveguides, silk optical sensors, and silk optical microstructures. The preparation methods and performance research progress of silk optical waveguides and silk microstructures are highlighted, while the application progress of silk optical sensors in the fields of biomedical, environmental monitoring, and industrial testing are emphasized. The research on these three silk optical devices demonstrates the theoretical research value and practical application value of this direction. In order to achieve a wider range of applications in the field of optical devices, future research should continue to investigate the optical properties of silk and further study the preparation methods and performance optimization of silk optical devices.