Multi-technique analysis of an ancient stratified glass eye bead by OCT, μ-XRF, and μ-Raman spectroscopy

Junqing Dong; Qinghui Li; Yongqing Hu

doi:10.3788/COL202018.090001

Chinese Optics Letters, Volume. 18, Issue 9, 090001(2020)

Multi-technique analysis of an ancient stratified glass eye bead by OCT, μ-XRF, and μ-Raman spectroscopy

Junqing Dong^1,2, Qinghui Li^1,2、*, and Yongqing Hu³

¹Sci-Tech Archaeology Center, Laboratory of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China

²Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

³Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Zhengzhou 450000, China

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Figures & Tables(8)

Fig. 1. Eye beads unearthed from Chu tomb in Xujialing, Xichuan, Henan Province.

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Fig. 2. Micrograph and 3D pseudo-color OCT images of the eye bead HXX-M10. (a) Micrograph of the broken bead; (b) top view and the position; (c) slice perpendicular to the $z$ axis, positioned at a distance of 184 pixels from the top; (d), (e) 3D sliced diagrammatic sketch at different angles along the x and y axes.

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Fig. 3. 2D-OCT images of eye bead HXX-M10.

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Fig. 4. Microscopic images of the fragments of eye bead HXX-M10.

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Fig. 5. Element mapping for eye bead HXX-M10 shows that the dark blue area has a correlation with elements of Co and Fe, the white area with Sb and Ca, the brown area with Fe and Mn, and the blue matrix with Cu. The lighter shade corresponds to higher concentrations.

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Fig. 6. ${Fe}_{2} O_{3}$ , CuO, ${Sb}_{2} O_{3}$ , CoO, and ${Mn}_{2} O_{3}$ contents in different color regions of eye bead HXX-M10.

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Fig. 7. Raman spectra of different color regions of eye bead HXX-M10. (a) Raman spectra of dark blue eye ball, turquoise blue matrix, and brown layer; (b) ${CaSb}_{2} O_{6}$ crystal in white circles; (c) envelope bands of turquoise blue matrix and ${CaSb}_{2} O_{6}$ crystal; (d) Oligoclase and ${CaSb}_{2} O_{6}$ crystals in a white layer. $λ = 532 nm$ .

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Table 1. Chemical Composition of the Eye Glass Bead HXX-M10 Unearthed from Chu Tomb in Xujialing by μ-XRF^a (wt%)

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Table 1. Chemical Composition of the Eye Glass Bead HXX-M10 Unearthed from Chu Tomb in Xujialing by μ-XRF^a (wt%)

Color		${Na}_{2} O$	MgO	${Al}_{2} O_{3}$	${SiO}_{2}$	Cl	$K_{2} O$	CaO	${TiO}_{2}$	${Fe}_{2} O_{3}$	CoO	CuO	${Sb}_{2} O_{3}$	${Mn}_{2} O_{3}$	ZnO	${SnO}_{2}$	PbO	${SO}_{3}$	SrO	BaO	${ZrO}_{2}$
Mapping area		9.78	0.63	4.14	70.56	0.45	0.84	9.29	n.d.	0.79	0.01	0.28	2.67	0.03	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	0.46	0.03	0.03	n.d.
Dark blue	1	7.79	0.58	n.d.	76.30	0.49	1.01	8.32	0.09	2.23	0.11	0.35	2.44	n.d	0.07	0.05	0.01	0.11	0.04	n.d.	n.d.
	2	15.81	0.35	n.d.	70.48	n.d.	0.77	7.44	0.07	1.94	0.10	0.28	2.29	n.d	0.06	0.09	0.01	0.27	0.03	n.d.	n.d.
	3	2.37	1.02	1.36	78.33	n.d.	1.24	9.73	0.12	2.51	0.13	0.42	1.94	n.d.	0.08	0.09	0.01	0.50	0.05	0.12	n.d.
	4	6.26	0.48	n.d.	77.01	0.68	0.07	9.06	0.11	2.48	0.13	0.40	2.47	n.d.	0.08	0.12	0.01	0.42	0.06	0.16	n.d.
	5	12.74	0.38	n.d.	73.27	n.d.	0.85	8.00	0.08	1.98	0.10	0.32	1.54	n.d.	0.06	0.10	0.01	0.37	0.04	0.17	n.d.
	Average	8.99	0.56	0.27	75.08	0.23	0.79	8.51	0.09	2.23	0.11	0.35	2.14		0.07	0.09	0.01	0.33	0.04	0.09
	STD	4.76	0.24	0.54	2.84	0.29	0.39	0.80	0.02	0.24	0.01	0.05	0.35		0.01	0.02	0.00	0.13	0.01	0.08
Turquoise blue	1	8.75	n.d.	0.44	78.72	0.46	1.65	7.39	0.06	0.37	n.d.	1.04	0.35	n.d.	n.d.	0.19	0.06	0.41	0.04	0.08	n.d.
	2	20.07	n.d.	0.35	70.78	0.37	1.14	5.75	0.04	0.27	n.d.	0.72	0.10	0.01	n.d.	0.11	0.04	0.12	0.03	0.10	n.d.
	3	0.34	n.d.	0.39	86.44	0.47	1.46	7.84	0.08	0.41	n.d.	1.20	0.42	n.d.	n.d.	0.31	0.06	0.41	0.04	0.11	n.d.
	Average	9.72		0.39	78.65	0.43	1.42	6.99	0.06	0.35		0.99	0.29	n.d.	n.d.	0.20	0.05	0.31	0.04	0.10
	STD	8.08		0.04	6.39	0.04	0.21	0.90	0.02	0.06		0.20	0.14	0.00	n.d.	0.08	0.01	0.14	0.00	0.01
Brown	1	22.11	n.d.	1.24	65.61	0.45	1.16	6.12	0.15	0.76	n.d.	0.01	1.82	0.06	0.01	0.05	0.01	0.41	0.03	n.d.	n.d.
	2	2.41	n.d.	0.92	82.28	0.68	0.98	8.07	0.12	0.94	n.d.	0.06	2.83	0.07	0.02	0.08	0.01	0.33	0.04	0.15	n.d.
	3	1.53	n.d.	0.99	82.56	0.70	1.01	7.81	0.13	0.93	n.d.	0.02	3.15	0.07	0.02	0.10	0.01	0.65	0.05	0.27	n.d.
	4	1.35	n.d.	0.43	82.89	0.73	0.92	8.26	0.14	0.97	n.d.	0.02	2.84	0.08	0.02	0.09	0.01	1.06	0.05	0.14	0.02
	Average	6.85		0.90	78.34	0.64	1.02	7.57	0.14	0.90		0.03	2.66	0.07	0.02	0.08	0.01	0.61	0.04	0.14	0.01
	STD	8.82		0.29	7.35	0.11	0.09	0.85	0.01	0.08		0.02	0.50	0.01	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.28	0.01	0.06	0.00
White	1	7.24	0.92	0.62	79.67	0.74	0.01	7.24	0.10	0.68	n.d.	0.01	2.09	0.05	n.d.	0.05	0.01	0.55	0.04	n.d.	n.d.
	2	0.49	n.d.	0.66	80.46	0.55	0.79	9.38	n.d.	0.54	n.d.	0.02	6.32	0.03	n.d.	0.09	0.02	0.61	0.05	n.d.	n.d.
	3	13.07	n.d.	0.69	75.46	n.d.	0.02	6.94	n.d.	0.46	n.d.	0.01	2.61	0.02	n.d.	0.10	0.02	0.55	0.04	n.d.	n.d.
	4	13.23	0.22	n.d.	71.58	n.d.	n.d	10.49	n.d.	0.37	n.d.	0.01	3.33	0.02	n.d.	0.06	0.03	0.44	0.04	0.19	n.d.
	5	0.12	n.d.	0.92	82.18	n.d.	0.06	8.13	n.d.	0.57	n.d.	0.04	6.81	0.03	n.d.	0.11	0.02	0.63	0.05	0.34	n.d.
	6	19.54	n.d.	0.28	68.26	n.d.	0.46	5.33	n.d.	0.28	n.d.	0.01	5.22	0.01	n.d.	0.03	0.01	0.38	0.03	0.14	n.d.
	7	0.13	n.d.	0.38	78.26	n.d.	0.62	8.32	n.d.	0.59	n.d.	0.04	10.46	0.02	n.d.	0.22	0.05	0.64	0.05	0.24	n.d.
	8	20.97	n.d.	0.79	64.94	0.39	0.47	7.36	n.d.	0.35	n.d.	0.01	3.94	0.02	n.d.	0.06	0.02	0.56	0.03	0.10	n.d.
	Average	9.35	0.14	0.54	75.10	0.21	0.30	7.90	0.01	0.48		0.02	5.10	0.03		0.09	0.02	0.55	0.04	0.13
	STD	8.07	0.30	0.28	5.83	0.28	0.29	1.47	0.03	0.13		0.01	2.57	0.01		0.06	0.01	0.09	0.01	0.12
Lower detection limit (ppm)		350	150	100	50	10	10	10	1	1	1	1	1	1	0.1	1	0.5	10	0.1	1	0.1

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Junqing Dong, Qinghui Li, Yongqing Hu, "Multi-technique analysis of an ancient stratified glass eye bead by OCT, μ-XRF, and μ-Raman spectroscopy," Chin. Opt. Lett. 18, 090001 (2020)

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Paper Information

Category: General

Received: Feb. 8, 2020

Accepted: May. 15, 2020

Published Online: Jul. 22, 2020

The Author Email: Qinghui Li (qinghuil@sina.com)

DOI:10.3788/COL202018.090001

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology

Table 1. Chemical Composition of the Eye Glass Bead HXX-M10 Unearthed from Chu Tomb in Xujialing by μ-XRFa (wt%)

Table 1. Chemical Composition of the Eye Glass Bead HXX-M10 Unearthed from Chu Tomb in Xujialing by μ-XRFa (wt%)

Table 1. Chemical Composition of the Eye Glass Bead HXX-M10 Unearthed from Chu Tomb in Xujialing by μ-XRF^a (wt%)

Table 1. Chemical Composition of the Eye Glass Bead HXX-M10 Unearthed from Chu Tomb in Xujialing by μ-XRF^a (wt%)