Fig. 1. Schematic of double-arc specialty-shaped flow channel

Fig. 2. Numerical model for laser bending forming. (a) Meshing; (b) schematic of scanning path

Fig. 3. Peak temperatures at temperature measurement points along scanning path on upper surface. (a) Schematic of temperature measurement points; (b) peak temperatures at temperature measurement points on upper surface with different numbers of velocity-varying segments

Fig. 4. Analysis of free end restraint to scanning location in laser bending forming. (a) Schematic of isometric points and observation surfaces; (b) isometric point constraint; (c) variation trends of constraint force and thermal stress

Fig. 5. Cross-sectional temperature field distributions of sheet with different numbers of velocity-varying segments. (a) Entrance; (b) middle; (c) exit; (d) temperature difference between upper and lower surfaces at same moment

Fig. 6. Experimental method for laser bending forming. (a) Experimental setup; (b) diagram of scanning path

Fig. 7. Schematics of bending angle measurement. (a) Measuring surface and measuring angle α; (b) angle between measuring surface and normal plane

Fig. 8. Sheet surface temperature during laser bending forming. (a) Schematic of temperature measuring points; (b) comparison of results between numerical simulation and experiment

Fig. 9. Characterization of plane distortion for laser bending forming with different numbers of velocity-varying segments. (a) Bending angle distribution; (b) bending angle difference of specimen

Fig. 10. Characterization of plane distortion for laser bending forming. (a) S₁ scanning strategy; (b) S₂ scanning strategy; (c) S₃ scanning strategy; (d) bending angle distribution; (e) bending angle difference of specimen

Fig. 11. Overall evaluation of laser bending forming of specialty-shaped corrugated sheet. (a) Formed parts under constant-velocity scanning; (b) cross-sectional profile under constant-velocity scanning; (c) formed parts under S₃ scanning strategy; (d) cross-sectional profile under S₃ scanning strategy

Fig. 12. Waviness of specialty-shaped corrugated sheet after laser bending forming. (a) W_a of bottom surface of corrugated sheet;(b) W_a of wall surface of corrugated sheet; (c) corrugated profile measured at X' position