Calcium oxalate monohydrate （COM） is the main component of kidney stones. This study explores the inhibitory effects of glycyrrhizic acid （GlA）， a multifunctional natural compound， on the crystallization process of COM and elucidates its mechanism of action. The crystallization kinetics of COM were examined by a calcium ion selective electrode， the impact of GlA on the size and morphology of COM crystals was quantitatively assessed through optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Additionally， molecular simulations were employed to calculate the adsorption energy of GlA molecules on the COM crystal surface. The findings indicate that GlA serves as a highly effective inhibitor of COM crystallization， with the degree of inhibition positively correlating with GlA concentration. This inhibition is attributed to the specific adsorption of GlA on the ｛021｝ and ｛121¯｝surfaces of COM， which significantly reduces the crystal aspect ratio. During the COM crystallization process， GlA plays a dual role： it complexes with Ca²⁺ in solution， thereby reducing their effective concentration， and it adsorbs onto the crystal surface via COO^-_（COM）…Ca²⁺…^-OOC_（GlA） interactions， hindering further crystal growth. These findings provide new ideas and potential therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of kidney stones.