NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES, Volume. 46, Issue 5, 050201(2023)
Contribution of 4~400 MeV protons galactic cosmic rays to annihilation radiation in orbital gamma spectrum near lunar space
Figures & Tables(10)
Fig. 3. Distribution of proton fluence rate on the entire lunar surface
Fig. 4. Simulation results of lunar rock-induced γ rays (set proton in P6 impacting on low titanium basalt as an example)
Fig. 5. Probability of annihilation radiation produced by protons with different energies in different lithology
Fig. 6. Comparison of calculation results with the measured results of CE1-GRS at five lunar landing sites(a) Apollo 12, (b) Apollo 16, (c) Apollo 17, (d) Luna 16, (e) Luna 24
Table 1. Components of some representative Lunabase (wt,%)[14]
View tableView in ArticleTable 1. Components of some representative Lunabase (wt,%)[14]
岩性
Lithology
高铝玄武岩
High alumina basalt
克里普岩
KREEP
斜长岩
Anorthosite
低钛玄武岩
Low titanium basalt
高钛玄武岩
High titanium basalt
O 41.62 44.04 46.13 40.70 38.32 Na 0.50 0.67 0.22 0.17 0.30 Mg 4.05 2.17 0.15 8.90 4.04 Al 6.73 6.74 18.63 4.15 5.54 Si 21.92 26.58 20.84 20.26 18.70 K 0.06 1.73 0.00 0.04 0.05 Ca 8.27 5.84 13.75 5.87 7.98 Ti 2.81 1.62 0.01 2.24 9.14 Cr 0.05 <0.01 <0.01 0.65 0.17 Mn 0.20 <0.01 0.01 0.22 0.23 Fe 13.79 10.61 0.24 16.80 15.51
Table 2. CE1-HPD technical indicators[20]
View tableView in ArticleTable 2. CE1-HPD technical indicators[20]
质子能道
Proton channel
能量区间
Detection energy level / MeV
几何因子
Geometric factor/ cm-2·sr-1
P1 4~8 0.85 P2 8~14 P3 14~26 P4 26~60 0.45 P5 60~150 P6 150~400
Table 3. Calculation results of Al, Si, Mg characteristic γ ray
View tableView in ArticleTable 3. Calculation results of Al, Si, Mg characteristic γ ray
核素Nuclide 特征γ射线能量Characteristic γ ray energy / MeV 本文净计数率 Net count rate of this paper /10-5 proton-1·s-1 净计数率归一化Net count rate normalization / NEC IAEA参考实验值IAEA reference experimental values 参考值归一化Reference value normalization / NER 相对误差Relative error / % 24Mg 1.129 7 2 0.054 0.038 0.052 3.85 1.368 6 37 1 0.727 1 — 1.808 7 7.5 0.202 0.152 0.209 -3.35 3.867 1 3 0.081 0.06 0.082 5 -1.82 27Al 1.72 6.5 1.3 0.08 1.333 -2.48 2.21 3.5 0.7 0.04 0.667 4.95 2.734 3 0.6 0.035 0.583 2.92 3.00 5 1 0.06 1 — 28Si 2.23 4 1 0.117 1 — 3.2 3 0.75 0.088 0.752 -0.27 4.497 2 3.5 0.875 0.105 0.897 -2.45
Table 4. Proton fluence rate of previous lunar landing detection points (cm-2·s-1·sr-1)
View tableView in ArticleTable 4. Proton fluence rate of previous lunar landing detection points (cm-2·s-1·sr-1)
任务 Mission 经度 Longitude 纬度 Latitude 岩石 Rock P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 Apollo 12 23°20′W 2°27′S 克里普岩 KREEP 0.74 0.15 0.10 0.058 0.063 0.053 Apollo 16 15°30′E 9°S 斜长岩 Anorthosite 0.76 0.18 0.18 0.084 0.110 0.029 Apollo 17 30°44′E 20°9′N 玄武岩 Basalt 0.70 0.17 0.22 0.170 0.082 0.063 Luna 16 56°18′E 0°41′S 玄武岩 Basalt 0.66 0.22 0.13 0.075 0.070 0.047 Luna 24 62°12′E 12°15′N 斜长岩 Anorthosite 0.82 0.15 0.15 0.120 0.065 0.120
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Jiankun ZHAO, Shuang JIANG, Yonghui LI, Qi ZENG, Hexi WU, Yujuan LIU, Yibao LIU. Contribution of 4~400 MeV protons galactic cosmic rays to annihilation radiation in orbital gamma spectrum near lunar space[J]. NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES, 2023, 46(5): 050201
Paper Information
Category: Research Articles
Received: Jul. 20, 2022
Accepted: --
Published Online: Jun. 30, 2023
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