Fig. 1. System block diagram of binary data modulated by convolutional encoder, interleaver, accumulator, and MTO-MPPM, where u, v, a, b, and x represent the bit sequences at each stage

Fig. 2. 2-6MPPM constellation charts. (a) Traditional MPPM; (b) MTO-MPPM

Fig. 3. Decoding block diagram of MTO-MPPM system

Fig. 4. MTO-MPPM system simulation structure diagram

Fig. 5. Comparison of bit error performance of different MTO-MPPM mapping modes at 2-6MPPM

Fig. 6. Constellations of 2-7MPPM. (a) Traditional MPPM; (b)MTO-MPPM

Fig. 7. Constellations of 2-8MPPM. (a) Traditional MPPM; (b) MTO-MPPM

Fig. 8. Bit error performance comparison between the MTO-MPPM system and the conventional MPPM system in 2-7MPPM and 2-8MPPM

Fig. 9. Bit error performance comparison between MTO-MPPM system and traditional MPPM system in 2-11MPPM

Fig. 10. Performance comparison between 2-8MPPM MTO-MPPM and traditional MPPM in rate regulation

Fig. 11. Performance comparison between 2-11MPPM MTO-MPPM and traditional MPPM in rate regulation