Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) is crucial in marine monitoring and resource exploration owing to its advantages, including high bandwidth and low latency. Blue-green light (450~570 nm) is the preferred carrier signal due to its minimal absorption attenuation coefficient and superior penetration in water. With the escalating demand for communication data volume and transmission distance, the development of high-speed and high-sensitivity blue-green light communication detectors has become essential. This review summarizes recent global advancements in blue-green light communication detectors. Based on the semiconductor materials that absorb blue-green light and the high-speed detector structures, these detectors can be classified into three categories: low-dimensional material devices utilizing bandgap engineering, traditional Si-based detectors leveraging surface field modulation and lateral electric fields, and GaN-series material detectors through compositional tuning. A critical analysis of the operational principles, development status,, advantages, and limitations of each category is conducted. Finally, the challenges of the blue-green photodetectors in enhancing absorption efficiency, response speed, sensitivity, stability, and integration are discussed, highlighting prospects for next-generation high-performance detectors in underwater communication systems.