Infrared and Laser Engineering, Volume. 54, Issue 4, 20250097(2025)
Research progress on performance evaluation and optimization in Brillouin distributed optical fiber sensing (invited)
Fig. 1. Brillouin gain spectrum for different pump pulse width[30]
Fig. 2. Relationship between BFS and (a1)-(a2) temperature and (b1)-(b2) strain[33]
Fig. 3. The standard configuration of BOTDA system. (a) Standard direct detection; (b) Direct detection with preamplification using an EDFA[34]
Fig. 4. The standard configuration of FS-BOTDR system. (a) Exemplified distance-domain output of the BPD; (b) Exemplified distance-domain output of the BPF; (c) Exemplified distance-domain output of the ED[37]
Fig. 5. (a) 20 consecutive single-pulse Brillouin gain traces along the fiber at the Brillouin resonance frequency; (b) STD of polarization noise[45]
Fig. 6. STD of noises as a function of
Fig. 7. Noise distribution at the Brillouin resonance peak along a sensing fiber[45]
Fig. 8. The behavior of SNRs as a function of different probe power (a) without filtering, (b) with filtering[34]
Fig. 10. Comparison of theoretical and experimental results along a ~50 km-long sensing fiber[37]
Fig. 11. Comparison of theoretical and experimental results along a ~5 km-long sensing fiber[37]
Fig. 12. (a) MI gain spectrum and (b) BOTDA time-domain gain traces measured at different pulse peak powers[54]
Fig. 13. Brillouin gain traces showing the pump depletion by Raman scattering in a 13 km DSF for different input pump peak powers[53]
Fig. 14. Effect of a non-uniform frequency distribution of the pump pulse power on the measurement of the Brillouin gain spectrum[57]
Fig. 15. The influence of the scanning process on the pulse in the double-sideband probe scheme[58]
Fig. 16. Influence of frequency sweep process on pulse in frequency-modulated probe scheme[59]
Fig. 17. Influence of frequency sweep process on pulse in dual-side probe scheme with fixed frequency separation between sidebands[61]
Fig. 18. Influence of frequency sweep process on pulse in orthogonally-polarized four-tone probe scheme[62]
Fig. 19. Influence of frequency sweep process on pulse with frequency shift keying probe[63]
Fig. 20. Illustration of aliasing originating from the under sampling[43]
Fig. 21. The influence of sampling rate on digital filter denoising[43]
Fig. 22. Illustration of the process of signal-processing by the FFT method[18]
Fig. 23. (a) Simulation results of quadratic fitting for Lorentzian curve; (b) Comparison of BFS uncertainty under four smoothing methods[68]
Fig. 24. BFS standard deviation σB for three different SNR levels (color) and at three spatial resolutions (ticks)[43]
Fig. 25. (a) A noisy BGS and the corresponding Lorentzian fit curve; (b) BFS uncertainty estimated in different cases of initial BFS estimation; (c) BFS uncertainty estimated using different spectral fitting window size[68]
Fig. 26. A sample noisy spectrum with SNR of 5 dB (red line) and the (normalized) correlated output (black line)[68]
Fig. 27. BFS uncertainties under for different BFS estimation techniques [68]
Fig. 28. (a)-(c) Lorentzian spectrum with
Fig. 29. (a) 3D map of the measured BGS as a function of distance; (b) Top view of the measured BGS[76]
Fig. 30. Frequency analysis of BOTDA measurements using 2D discrete Fourier transform[43]
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Simeng JIN, Zhisheng YANG, Qing WANG, Yifeng LU, Xiaobin HONG, Jian WU. Research progress on performance evaluation and optimization in Brillouin distributed optical fiber sensing (invited)[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2025, 54(4): 20250097
Category: Invited review
Received: Feb. 12, 2025
Accepted: --
Published Online: May. 16, 2025
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