Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, Volume. 60, Issue 17, 1700003(2023)
Research Progress of Mid-Infrared Supercontinuum and Its Coherence Based on Chalcogenide Fibers
Figures & Tables(16)
![SC generation in 13 cm-long Ge-As-Se fiber pumped with different wavelength[20]](/Images/icon/loading.gif){kind=icon}
Fig. 1. SC generation in 13 cm-long Ge-As-Se fiber pumped with different wavelength[20]
Fig. 2. Transmission loss characteristic of Ge-Sb-S fiber[24]. (a) Loss diagram of Ge-Sb-S fiber (inset: output spot at 1.55 μm); (b) transmission efficiency of Ge-Sb-S fiber (inset: cross section of Ge-Sb-S fiber)
Fig. 3. The SC of Ge-Se-Te fiber[9]. (a) Optical fiber preform and cross section of fiber under electron microscope; (b) loss and dispersion of fiber; (c) experimental setup for enerating SC; (d) SC generated under experiment; (e) SC generated under simulation
Fig. 4. Structure and optical properties of all-solid hybrid MOF[30]. (a) Structure of As2Se3-AsSe2-As2S5 fiber; (b) transmittance for three glasses; (c) dispersion curves of As2Se3-AsSe2-As2S5 fiber with different core diameters
Fig. 5. Optical properties and structure of Ge-Sb-Se MOF[31]. (a) Cross-section of fiber; (b) output of SC
Fig. 6. Structure and optical properties of four-hole chalcohalide suspended core fiber[35]. (a) Cross section of four hole chalcohalide suspended core fiber; (b) transmittance for two glasses; (c) represents the SC produced by the experiment and simulation of four hole chalcohalide suspended core fiber at different wavelengths
Fig. 7. Optical properties of Ge-As-Se-Te tapered fiber[38]. (a) Structure diagram of tapered fiber (inset: represent untapered, taper waist, and transition region respectively); (b) loss diagram of fiber (inset: transmittance of core glass); (c) dispersion curves of Ge-As-Se-Te fiber with different fiber core diameters; (d) output of SC
Fig. 9. Output SC of SiO2-ZBLAN-As2Se3 PCF[51]. (a) Cascade system structure for generating SC; (b) SC generated in ZBLAN fiber; (c) SC generated in As2Se3 fiber
Fig. 10. Double-cladding Ge-As-Se-Te fiber[55]. (a) SC output under different pump conditions; (b) first-order coherence
Fig. 11. GeS2-GaS3-CsI chalcohalide microstructure fiber[56]. (a) Cross section of optical fiber; (b) dispersion curves at different apertures; (c) SC output and coherence curve
Fig. 12. Double-cladding Ge-As-Se-Te tapered fiber[11]. (a) Structure and refractive index profile; (b) dispersion curve; (c) SC output; (d) coherence curve
Table 1. Physical parameters of low loss chalcogenide fiber matrix materials
View tableTable 1. Physical parameters of low loss chalcogenide fiber matrix materials
Composition Tg /℃ Tx /℃ n0 @4 μm Ge15Sb18S67 254 424 2.3237 Ge15Sb20.5S64.5 250 404 2.3399
Table 2. Main research results of SC spectrum generation with three different types in recent year
View tableTable 2. Main research results of SC spectrum generation with three different types in recent year
Fiber type Glass composition Fiber length /cm Pump condition Spectral
coverage /μm
Ref. Step-index fiber Ge-Se-Te 4.4 8.15 μm/200 kW 1.7-18 ［ 9 ］Ge-As-Se 13 5 μm/25 mW 1.6-11.4 ［ 20 ］Ge-As-S 15 4.8 μm/170 fs/100 kHz 2.5-7.5 ［ 23 ］Ge-Sb-S 22 4 μm/150 fs/1 kHz 1.56-7.59 ［ 24 ］Microstructurd fiber Ge-Sb-Se/Ge-Se 1 3 μm/50 fs/90 pJ 1.6-7 ［ 31 ］As-Se 0.5 2.56 μm/50fs/10 kW 1-14 ［ 34 ］Ge-As-Se-I/As2S3 - 5 μm/150 fs 1.6-12 ［ 35 ］Tapered fiber Ge-As-Se-Te 7 5.5 μm/19 mW 2-12.7 ［ 38 ］As-Se 1 2.4 μm/90 mW/170 MHz 1.4-4.2 ［ 39 ］
Table 3. Main achievements of output power of chalcogenide fibers in recent years
View tableTable 3. Main achievements of output power of chalcogenide fibers in recent years
Fiber system Pump SC bandwidth Power Ref. As2S3 2.19 μm/1 ns/100 kHz 2-4 μm 143 mW ［ 41 ］As2S3 2.45 μm/40 ps/10 MHz 1.9-4.8 μm 565 mW ［ 42 ］Ge12As24Se64 4.0 μm/330 fs/21 MHz 1.8-10 μm 1.26 mW ［ 22 ］ZBLAN-As2S3-As2Se3 Tm-doped fiber amplifier 2-6.5 μm 1.39 W ［ 10 ］As2Se3 Er-doped ZBLAN fiber amplifier 2-5 μm 825 mW ［ 44 ］InF3-As2S3 Er-doped fiber amplifier 1.97-5.1 μm 440 mW ［ 46 ］ZBLAN-As2S3 Tm-doped fiber amplifier 2-6.5 μm 1.13 W ［ 47 ］SiO2-ZBLAN-As38Se62 1.55 μm/3 ns/30 kHz 2-7 μm 6.5 mW ［ 49 ］SiO2-ZBLAN-As2Se3 Er-doped fiber amplifier 2-10 μm 16 mW ［ 51 ］
Table 4. Main achievements of SC coherence of chalcogenide fibers with different types in recent years
View tableTable 4. Main achievements of SC coherence of chalcogenide fibers with different types in recent years
Fiber type Glass composition Fiber length /cm Pump condition Coherent spectrum /μm Ref. Step-index fiber As2S3 35 3.6 μm/1.15 W 2.5-5 ［ 44 ］Ge-As-Se-Te 19 5 μm/150 fs/1 kHz 3.5-10.5 ［ 55 ］Microstructurd fiber GeS2-GaS3-CsI 1.5 3 μm/50 fs/3 nJ 1.45-5.95 ［ 56 ］Ge-As-Se-Te/As2S3 16 5 μm/24 mW 2-13.2 ［ 57 ］Ge-As-Se/Ge-As-S 1 7 μm/50 fs/6 kW 3.8-14 ［ 58 ］Tapered fiber AsSe2/As2S5 3 2.6 μm/10.12 kW/1 kHz 1.6-3.7 ［ 61 ］Ge-As-Se-Te 10 6 μm/150 fs/1 kHz 1.8-14 ［ 11 ］
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Zhijian Wu, Xuefeng Peng. Research Progress of Mid-Infrared Supercontinuum and Its Coherence Based on Chalcogenide Fibers[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2023, 60(17): 1700003
Paper Information
Category: Reviews
Received: Aug. 12, 2022
Accepted: Sep. 13, 2022
Published Online: Sep. 1, 2023
The Author Email: Xuefeng Peng (pengxuefeng@nbu.edu.cn)
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