Since Shenzhen initiated a vigorous campaign to remediate Black-Odorous Water Bodies （BOWBs） in 2016， significant improvements have been achieved in urban aquatic environments. However， newly emerging and recurrent BOWBs persist. The application of remote sensing technology proves instrumental in monitoring emerging BOWBs， supervising remediation processes， and evaluating governance effectiveness， thereby advancing urban water environment management. This study established a BOWB identification model for Shenzhen using two phases of large-scale ground survey data and GaoFen（GF） series high-resolution satellite imagery， extracting spatial distribution patterns of BOWBs within built-up areas from 2013 to 2023. Findings reveal a distinct west-heavy/east-light spatial distribution with gradual eastward expansion from the western region. BOWB quantities showed sustained growth during 2013~2016， followed by progressive decline post-2017 through intensified remediation efforts. Longitudinal analysis of decadal spatiotemporal variations demonstrated significant correlations between BOWB evolution and socioeconomic factors. The three primary determinants influencing BOWB spatial distribution were identified as non-resident population （r=0.68）， secondary industry economic output （r=0.42）， and industrial value-added above designated scale （r=0.41）. These patterns epitomize environmental governance lags during rapid industrialization and urbanization. Subsequent efforts should integrate BOWB remediation with regional industrial upgrading and optimization of public service infrastructure for non-resident populations to achieve source-level pollution reduction.