[1] [1] LI M M, JIA J H, WU M X, et al. Clinical effectiveness of Er, Cr: YSGG lasers in non-surgical treatment of chronic periodontitis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials［J］. Lasers in Medical Science, 2021, 36(4): 889-901.

[2] [2] KAJIYA M, KURIHARA H. Molecular mechanisms of periodontal disease［J］. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021, 22(2): 930.

[3] [3] HAJISHENGALLIS G. Periodontitis: From microbial immune subversion to systemic inflammation［J］. Nature Reviews Immunology, 2015, 15(1): 30-44.

[4] [4] KINANE D F, STATHOPOULOU P G, PAPAPANOU P N. Periodontal diseases［J］. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 2017, 3: 17038.

[5] [5] JOHN M T, MICHALOWICZ B S, KOTSAKIS G A, et al. Network meta-analysis of studies included in the Clinical Practice Guideline on the nonsurgical treatment of chronic periodontitis［J］. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 2017, 44(6): 603-611.

[6] [6] JIA L Y, JIA J H, XIE M, et al. Clinical attachment level gain of lasers in scaling and root planing of chronic periodontitis: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials［J］. Lasers in Medical Science, 2020, 35(2): 473-485.

[7] [7] COBB C M, SOTTOSANTI J S. A re-evaluation of scaling and root planing［J］. Journal of Periodontology, 2021, 92(10): 1370-1378.

[8] [8] PICK R M. Using lasers in clinical denial practice［J］. The Journal of the American Dental Association, 1993, 124(2): 37-47.

[9] [9] AOKI A, SASAKI K M, WATANABE H, et al. Lasers in nonsurgical periodontal therapy［J］. Periodontology 2000, 2004, 36: 59-97.

[10] [10] AOKI A, MIZUTANI K, SCHWARZ F, et al. Periodontal and peri-implant wound healing following laser therapy［J］. Periodontology 2000, 2015, 68(1): 217-269.

[11] [11] COBB C M, MCCAWLEY T K, KILLOY W J. A preliminary study on the effects of the Nd: YAG laser on root surfaces and subgingival microflora in vivo［J］. Journal of Periodontology, 1992, 63(8): 701-707.

[12] [12] KRANENDONK A, VAN DER REIJDEN W, VAN WINKELHOFF A, et al. The bactericidal effect of a Genius Nd: YAG laser［J］. International Journal of Dental Hygiene, 2010, 8(1): 63-67.

[14] [14] RIBEIRO F V, CAVALLER C P, CASARIN R C V, et al. Esthetic treatment of gingival hyperpigmentation with Nd: YAG laser or scalpel technique: a 6-month RCT of patient and professional assessment［J］. Lasers in Medical Science, 2014, 29(2): 537-544.

[15] [15] COBB C M. Lasers and the treatment of periodontitis: the essence and the noise［J］. Periodontology 2000, 2017, 75(1): 205-295.

[16] [16] COLUZZI D J. Fundamentals of dental lasers: science and instruments［J］. Dental Clinics of North America, 2004, 48(4): 751-770.

[18] [18] QI Y X, ZHANG S X, ZHANG M, et al. Effects of physical stimulation in the field of oral health［J］. Scanning, 2021, 2021: 5517567.

[19] [19] PEREIRA D L, FREITAS A Z, BACHMANN L, et al. Variation on molecular structure, crystallinity, and optical properties of dentin due to Nd: YAG laser and fluoride aimed at tooth erosion prevention［J］. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2018, 19(2): 433.

[20] [20] MONTEDORI A, ABRAHA I, ORSO M, et al. Lasers for caries removal in deciduous and permanent teeth［J］. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2016, 9(9): CD010229.

[21] [21] JENNETT E, MOTAMEDI M, RASTEGAR S, et al. Dye-enhanced ablation of enamel by pulsed lasers［J］. Journal of Dental Research, 1994, 73(12): 1841-1847.

[22] [22] DORTAJ D, BASSIR S H, HAKIMIHA N, et al. Efficacy of Nd: YAG laser-assisted periodontal therapy for the management of periodontitis: A double-blind split-mouth randomized controlled clinical trial［J］. Journal of Periodontology, 2022, 93(5): 662-672.

[23] [23] LAKY M, MLLER M, LAKY B, et al. Short-term results of the combined application of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd: YAG) laser and erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er: YAG) laser in the treatment of periodontal disease: A randomized controlled trial［J］. Clinical Oral Investigations, 2021, 25(11): 6119-6126.

[24] [24] ELTAS A, ORBAK R. Effect of 1 064-nm Nd: YAG laser therapy on GCF IL-1β and MMP-8 levels in patients with chronic periodontitis［J］. Lasers in Medical Science, 2012, 27(3): 543-550.

[25] [25] GMEZ C, DOMNGUEZ A, GARCA-KASS A I, et al. Adjunctive Nd: YAG laser application in chronic periodontitis: Clinical, immunological, and microbiological aspects［J］. Lasers in Medical Science, 2011, 26(4): 453-463.

[27] [27] JIA L Y, JIA J H, WU M X, et al. Probing depth reduction of laser application in periodontal therapy: A network meta-analysis［J］. Lasers in Medical Science, 2022, 37(2): 1217-1226.

[31] [31] NAMOUR M, VERSPECHT T, EL MOBADDER M, et al. Q-switch Nd: YAG laser-assisted elimination of multi-species biofilm on titanium surfaces［J］. Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2020, 13(7): 1573.

[32] [32] MISISCHIA W P, XENOUDI P, YUKNA R A, et al. Bacterial reduction effect of four different dental lasers on titanium surfaces in vitro［J］. Lasers in Medical Science, 2021, 36(8): 1759-1767.

[33] [33] GRZECH-LES′NIAK K, BELVIN B R, LEWIS J P, et al. Treatment with Nd: YAG laser irradiation combined with sodium hypochlorite or hydrogen peroxide irrigation on periodontal pathogens: An in vitro study［J］. Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery, 2021, 39(1): 46-52.

[34] [34] RADVAR M, CREANOR S L, GILMOUR W H, et al. An evaluation of the effects of an Nd: YAG laser on subgingival calculus, dentine and cementum: An in vitro study［J］. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 1995, 22(1): 71-77.

[35] [35] GMEZ C, COSTELA A, GARCA-MORENO I, et al. In vitro evaluation of Nd: YAG laser radiation at three different wavelengths (1064, 532, and 355 nm) on calculus removal in comparison with ultrasonic scaling［J］. Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 2006, 24(3): 366-376.

[36] [36] GMEZ C, BISHEIMER M, COSTELA A, et al. Evaluation of the effects of Er: YAG and Nd: YAG lasers and ultrasonic instrumentation on root surfaces［J］. Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 2009, 27(1): 43-48.

[39] [39] KARTHIKEYAN R, YADALAM P K, ANAND A, et al. Morphological and chemical alterations of root surface after Er: YAG laser, Nd: YAG laser irradiation: a scanning electron microscopic and infrared spectroscopy study［J］. Journal of International Society of Preventive & Community Dentistry, 2020, 10: 205-212.

[40] [40] GIANNELLI M, BANI D, VITI C, et al. Comparative evaluation of the effects of different photoablative laser irradiation protocols on the gingiva of periodontopathic patients［J］. Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 2012, 30(4): 222-230.

[42] [42] TING C C, FUKUDA M, WATANABE T, et al. Morphological alterations of periodontal pocket epithelium following Nd: YAG laser irradiation［J］. Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 2014, 32(12): 649-657.

[43] [43] QADRI T, JAVED F, PODDANI P, et al. Long-term effects of a single application of a water-cooled pulsed Nd: YAG laser in supplement to scaling and root planing in patients with periodontal inflammation［J］. Lasers in Medical Science, 2011, 26(6): 763-766.

[44] [44] QADRI T, TUNR J, GUSTAFSSON A. Significance of scaling and root planing with and without adjunctive use of a water-cooled pulsed Nd: YAG laser for the treatment of periodontal inflammation［J］. Lasers in Medical Science, 2015, 30(2): 797-800.

[45] [45] GRZECH-LES′NIAK K, SCULEAN A, GAPIRC B. Laser reduction of specific microorganisms in the periodontal pocket using Er: YAG and Nd: YAG lasers: A randomized controlled clinical study［J］. Lasers in Medical Science, 2018, 33(7): 1461-1470.

[46] [46] CHELLINI F, SASSOLI C, NOSI D, et al. Low pulse energy Nd: YAG laser irradiation exerts a biostimulative effect on different cells of the oral microenvironment: “An in vitro study”［J］. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine, 2010, 42(6): 527-539.

[47] [47] TSUKA Y, KUNIMATSU R, GUNJI H, et al. Examination of the effect of the combined use of Nd: YAG laser irradiation and mechanical force loading on bone metabolism using cultured human osteoblasts［J］. Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences, 2020, 11(2): 138-143.

[48] [48] TSUKA Y, KUNIMATSU R, GUNJI H, et al. Effects of Nd: YAG low-level laser irradiation on cultured human osteoblasts migration and ATP production: in vitro study［J］. Lasers in Medical Science, 2019, 34(1): 55-60.

[50] [50] LIU H C, LIN C P, LAN W H. Sealing depth of Nd: YAG laser on human dentinal tubules［J］. Journal of Endodontics, 1997, 23(11): 691-693.

[51] [51] KUMAR N G, MEHTA D S. Short-term assessment of the Nd: YAG laser with and without sodium fluoride varnish in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity: A clinical and scanning electron microscopy study［J］. Journal of Periodontology, 2005, 76(7): 1140-1147.

[52] [52] CHIGA S, TORO C V T, LEPRI T P, et al. Combined effect of fluoride varnish to Er: YAG or Nd: YAG laser on permeability of eroded root dentine［J］. Archives of Oral Biology, 2016, 64: 24-27.

[53] [53] AKPINAR A, TOKER H, LEKTEMUR ALPAN A, et al. Postoperative discomfort after Nd: YAG laser and conventional frenectomy: comparison of both genders［J］. Australian Dental Journal, 2016, 61(1): 71-75.

[59] [59] MURUPPEL A M, PAI B S J, BHAT S, et al. Laser-assisted depigmentation-an introspection of the science, techniques, and perceptions［J］. Dentistry Journal, 2020, 8(3): 88.

[60] [60] MIZUTANI K, AOKI A, COLUZZI D, et al. Lasers in minimally invasive periodontal and peri-implant therapy［J］. Periodontology 2000, 2016, 71(1): 185-212.

[61] [61] JHA A, GUPTA V, ADINARAYAN R. LANAP, periodontics and beyond: A review［J］. Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences, 2018, 9(2): 76-81.

[62] [62] LONG C A. New attach ment procedure: using the pulsed Nd: YAG laser［J］. Dentistry Today, 2008, 27(2): 166-171.

[63] [63] NEVINS M, KIM S W, CAMELO M, et al. A prospective 9-month human clinical evaluation of Laser-Assisted New Attachment Procedure (LANAP) therapy［J］. The International Journal of Periodontics & Restorative Dentistry, 2014, 34(1): 21-27.

[64] [64] SAMEERA S, ARAVIND KUMAR P, NAGASRI M, et al. ENAP vs LANAP: Assessment of revascularization using ultrasound Doppler flowmetry-a split-mouth randomized controlled clinical trial［J］. Lasers in Medical Science, 2018, 33(6): 1181-1188.

[65] [65] ABDULJABBAR T, JAVED F, KELLESARIAN S V, et al. Effect of Nd: YAG laser-assisted non-surgical mechanical debridement on clinical and radiographic peri-implant inflammatory parameters in patients with peri-implant disease［J］. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 2017, 168: 16-19.