Fig. 1. Comparison between modulation in Hadamard basis and Cartesian basis. (a) Cartesian basis, gray is not reflection pixel, equals to 0, white is reflection pixel, equals to 1; (b) Hadamard basis, gray and white are both reflection pixels, gray equals to -1 and white equals to 1, phase lag of gray is π comparing to white

Fig. 2. Schematic of focusing through scattering medium based on OTM

Fig. 3. OTM measuring system of scattering medium. (a) Optical schematic of measuring matrix and focusing; (b) experimental devices of measuring matrix and focusing

Fig. 4. Histogram distributions and fitting results of real part and imaginary part of OTM of frosted glass at Hadamard basis and Cartesian basis. (a) Imaginary part of KH and KD; (b) real part of KH and KD

Fig. 5. Single point focusing. (a) Single point focusing goal; (b) speckle detected by camera; (c) focusing result of single point

Fig. 6. Multipoint focusing. (a) Two points focusing goal; (b) speckle detected by camera with two points focusing; (c) focusing result of two points; (d) three points focusing goal; (e) speckle detected by camera with three points focusing; (f) focusing result of three points

Fig. 7. Enhancement factors of single point focusing under different conditions based on OTM. (a) Different focusing positions; (b) different camera positions

Fig. 8. Measuring depth of focus based on OTM