Priority-Based Flexible Security Level Quantum Key Resource Allocation Scheme

Junhai Yao; Min Nie; Guang Yang; Huanyao Jiang; Aijing Sun; Changxing Pei

doi:10.3788/LOP241826

Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, Volume. 62, Issue 9, 0927001(2025)

Priority-Based Flexible Security Level Quantum Key Resource Allocation Scheme

Junhai Yao^1、*, Min Nie¹, Guang Yang¹, Huanyao Jiang¹, Aijing Sun¹, and Changxing Pei²

¹School of Communications and Information Engineering & School of Artificial Intelligence, Xi'an University of Posts &Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, Shaanxi , China

²State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, Shaanxi , China

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Figures & Tables(20)

Fig. 1. Quantum key distribution optical network transmission architecture model

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Fig. 2. Fixed/flexible key updating period security configuration strategy

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Fig. 3. Resource usage for specific/flexible security level classification methods

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Fig. 4. Flowchart of priority-based flexible security level key resource allocation

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Fig. 5. A network topology with 5 nodes and 7 links

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Fig. 6. Time slot allocation of link BD at high security level wavelength. (a) PFSL-RA; (b) SSL-RA/NPOB-RA

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Fig. 7. Time slot allocation of link BD at low security level wavelength. (a) PFSL-RA; (b) NPOB-RA

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Fig. 8. Flowchart of PFSL-RWTA algorithm

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Fig. 9. Simulated network topology. (a) NSFNET; (b) USNET

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Fig. 10. Comparison of algorithm feasibility. (a) Running time; (b) number of occupied wavelengths and time slots; (c) success rate of service requests

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Fig. 11. Success probability of QKD lightpath requests with different number of wavelengths. (a) NSFNET; (b) USNET

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Fig. 12. Success probability of QKD lightpath requests with different security level proportions. (a) NSFNET; (b) USNET

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Fig. 13. Time slot utilization ratio of each algorithm under different traffic loads. (a) NSFNET; (b) USNET

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Fig. 14. Time slot utilization ratio of PFSL-RWTA algorithm under different wavelengths and key requirements. (a) NSFNET; (b) USNET

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Fig. 15. Resource balance of each algorithm under different traffic loads. (a) NSFNET; (b) USNET

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Table 1. Sets and variables definition

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Table 1. Sets and variables definition

Parameter	Description	Parameter	Description
$V$	the set of nodes in QKD network	$t_{r}$	initial key update period of request $r$
$E$	the set of QKD links	$t_{u}$	modified key update period of request $r$
$R$	the set of QKD lightpath requests	$t_{k}$	minimum key synchronization time
$W_{Q}$	the set of specific wavelength for QSCh	$n_{r}$	number of modifications to key updates
$W_{T}$	the set of specific wavelength for TDCh	$l_{s l}$	security level of request $r$
$P$	the set of QKD lightpaths	$λ_{Q}$	quantum signal specific wavelength
$P_{r}$	the set of working paths for single request	$u_{r}$	time slot utilization
$T_{k}$	the set of time slots in single wavelength	$Z_{(i, j), λ_{Q}}^{r}$	boolean variable that equals 1 if wavelength $λ_{Q}$ on link （i，j） is allocated for request $r$ ， otherwise equals 0
$r$	QKD lightpath request	$Z_{(i, j), λ_{Q}}^{r}$
$s$	source node of request $r$	$K_{(i, j), λ_{Q}, t_{k}}^{r}$	boolean variable that equals 1 if time slot $t_{k}$ in wavelength $λ_{Q}$ of link （i，j） is allocated for request $r$ ， otherwise equals 0
$d$ $D_{r}$	destination node of request $r$ time slots requirement of request $r$	$K_{(i, j), λ_{Q}, t_{k}}^{r}$

Table 2. Parameters for QKD lightpath service requests

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Table 2. Parameters for QKD lightpath service requests

Service request/source-destination	Routing path	Initial time slot needs	Security level/ $n_{r}$	Modified time slot needs
QLR₁/AD	A-B-D	2	High/2	4，3
QLR₂/BE	B-D-E	3	High/2	2，3
QLR₃/BD	B-D	2	High/3	1，3，2
QLR₄/BD	B-D	3	Low/1	4

Table 3. Resource allocation results of each scheme at high security wavelength

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Table 3. Resource allocation results of each scheme at high security wavelength

Service request/ security level

Priority order

（PFSL-RA）

Priority order （SSL-RA/NPOB-RA）

Initial request acceptance status

Updated request acceptance status

QLR₁/high

QLR₃

QLR₁

Accepted/accepted

Rejected/accepted

QLR₂/high

QLR₂

Accepted/rejected

QLR₃/high

QLR₁

QLR₃

Accepted/accepted

Accepted/rejected

Table 4. Resource allocation result of each scheme on link BD

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Table 4. Resource allocation result of each scheme on link BD

Resource allocation scheme

Acceptance status of

QLR₁/ QLR₂/ QLR₃

Acceptance

status of QLR₄

Service blocking rate /%

Time slot utilization rate /%

SSL-RA

Accepted/rejected/rejected

Accepted

64.0

NPOB-RA

Accepted/accepted/rejected

Accepted

77.5

PFSL-RWTA

Accepted/accepted/accepted

Accepted

83.0

Table 5. Simulation system parameter setting

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Table 5. Simulation system parameter setting

Parameter	Value
Network topology	NSFNET，UBN24
Number of nodes	14，24
Number of links	21，43
Number of wavelengths for TDCh	32
Number of wavelengths λ_Q for QSCh	2，4，6
Range of key update time slot requirements D_r	［2，6］，［3，8］
Number of time slots in high/low security level λ_Q	40/60
Number of QKD lightpath requests	150‒1500

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Junhai Yao, Min Nie, Guang Yang, Huanyao Jiang, Aijing Sun, Changxing Pei. Priority-Based Flexible Security Level Quantum Key Resource Allocation Scheme[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2025, 62(9): 0927001

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Paper Information

Category: Quantum Optics

Received: Aug. 9, 2024

Accepted: Sep. 12, 2024

Published Online: Apr. 23, 2025

The Author Email: Junhai Yao (amosyaojh@163.com)

DOI:10.3788/LOP241826

CSTR:32186.14.LOP241826

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology