Relative Density of Mold Steel H13 Fabricated by Hybrid Laser Spot Melting

Yibo Gao; Yong Yang; Yugeng Zhou; Zhenwei Liu; Wenjie Wu; Longbiao Gao; Qiyong Shi; Xiangbin Kong; Jianming Zheng; Jianzhong Fu; Guiying Yu; Jinhua Wu; Chunwei Wang; Bixia Wang; Ling Shan

doi:10.3788/LOP202158.2314008

Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, Volume. 58, Issue 23, 2314008(2021)

Relative Density of Mold Steel H13 Fabricated by Hybrid Laser Spot Melting

Yibo Gao^1,2, Yong Yang², Yugeng Zhou², Zhenwei Liu², Wenjie Wu², Longbiao Gao², Qiyong Shi², Xiangbin Kong², Jianming Zheng², Jianzhong Fu^1、*, Guiying Yu², Jinhua Wu², Chunwei Wang², Bixia Wang², and Ling Shan²

Author Affiliations

¹College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310027, China

²Zhejiang Wanfeng Technology Development Co., Ltd., Shaoxing , Zhejiang 312400, China

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Figures & Tables(14)

Fig. 1. Wanfeng Artisan-SLM250 SLM system. (a) Overall; (b) chamber

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Fig. 2. Principle diagram of beam combiner for hybrid laser spot

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Fig. 3. Shape and diameter of laser spot. (a) Spot for melting; (b) spot for preheating and its position relative to spot for melting; (c) diameter of fiber laser spot versus distance away from working plane

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Fig. 4. Rotational and translational scanning strategy

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Fig. 5. Samples built by individual fiber laser spot

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Fig. 6. Relative density versus individual fiber laser spot process parameters

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Fig. 7. Relative density versus volumetric energy density of individual fiber laser spot

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Fig. 8. Relative density versus preheating power under different $D_{e}$ of hybrid laser spot

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Fig. 9. Relative density versus melting/preheating power under different processing parameters. (a) Group 1; (b) group 2; (c) group 3; (d) group 4

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Fig. 10. Highest relative densities obtained by 4 groups of parameters within individual and hybrid laser spots

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Table 1. Molding process parameters and relative density of mold steel H13

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Table 1. Molding process parameters and relative density of mold steel H13

Group No.	Layer thickness / $μ m$	Laser power / $W$	Scanning speed /（mm·s^-1）	$E /$ （J·mm^-3）	Relative density / $%$
1-1	40	340	1800	59.03	97.61
1-2	40	360	1800	62.50	97.86
1-3	40	380	1800	65.97	97.87
1-4	40	400	1800	69.44	97.84
1-5	40	420	1800	72.92	97.98
1-6	40	440	1800	76.39	98.01
1-7	40	460	1800	79.86	98.10
1-8	40	480	1800	83.33	98.17
1-9	40	500	1800	86.81	98.10
2-1	40	480	2500	60.00	97.73
2-2	40	500	2500	62.50	97.87
2-3	40	520	2500	65.00	98.01
2-4	40	540	2500	67.50	97.99
2-5	40	560	2500	70.00	98.04
2-6	40	580	2500	72.50	97.95
2-7	40	600	2500	75.00	97.93
3-1	60	440	1800	50.93	97.54
3-2	60	460	1800	53.24	97.73
3-3	60	480	1800	55.56	97.90
3-4	60	500	1800	57.87	97.96
3-5	60	520	1800	60.19	97.98
3-6	60	540	1800	62.50	97.96
4-1	60	500	2500	41.67	97.51
4-2	60	600	2500	50.00	97.74
4-3	60	650	2500	54.17	97.93
4-4	60	700	2500	58.33	97.92
4-5	60	750	2500	62.50	97.93

Table 2. Pearson correlation coefficient and correlation test of paired samples (volumetric energy density and relative density)
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Table 2. Pearson correlation coefficient and correlation test of paired samples (volumetric energy density and relative density)
Pearson correlation coefficient 95% confidence interval Value of test statistic（t-distribution） Degree of freedom p-value
0.7844 （0.5762，0.8970） 6.324 25 1.282×10^-6

Table 3. Influence of diameter of individual fiber laser spot on relative density
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Table 3. Influence of diameter of individual fiber laser spot on relative density
Diameter of fiber laser spot
$68 μ m$
（focus）
$83 μ m$
（defocus）
$97 μ m$
（defocus）
$84 μ m$
（focus）
Relative density /% 97.51 97.52 97.48 97.51

Table 4. Relative densities of SLM processed H13 from references

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Table 4. Relative densities of SLM processed H13 from references

Reference	Layer thickness / $μ m$	Laser power / $W$	Scanning speed / （mm·s^-1）	$h / μ m$	$E / (J \cdot m m^{- 3})$	Relative density / $%$	Reference density /（g·cm^-3）
［4］	40	280	980	120	59.52	98.60	7.85
［7］	50	225	320	100	140.63	98.20	7.8
［8］	40	450	2500	70	64.29	97.13	7.8
This article	40	480	1800	80	83.33	98.17	7.9150

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Yibo Gao, Yong Yang, Yugeng Zhou, Zhenwei Liu, Wenjie Wu, Longbiao Gao, Qiyong Shi, Xiangbin Kong, Jianming Zheng, Jianzhong Fu, Guiying Yu, Jinhua Wu, Chunwei Wang, Bixia Wang, Ling Shan. Relative Density of Mold Steel H13 Fabricated by Hybrid Laser Spot Melting[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2021, 58(23): 2314008

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Paper Information

Category: Lasers and Laser Optics

Received: Mar. 29, 2021

Accepted: Apr. 7, 2021

Published Online: Nov. 19, 2021

The Author Email: Jianzhong Fu (fjz@zju.edu.cn)

DOI:10.3788/LOP202158.2314008

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology

Table 1. Molding process parameters and relative density of mold steel H13

Table 1. Molding process parameters and relative density of mold steel H13

Table 2. Pearson correlation coefficient and correlation test of paired samples (volumetric energy density and relative density)

Table 2. Pearson correlation coefficient and correlation test of paired samples (volumetric energy density and relative density)

Table 3. Influence of diameter of individual fiber laser spot on relative density

Table 3. Influence of diameter of individual fiber laser spot on relative density

Table 4. Relative densities of SLM processed H13 from references

Table 4. Relative densities of SLM processed H13 from references