Fig. 1. Sample preparation and physical property characterization. (a) Preparation process of PDMS/WS₂; (b) absorption spectra of PDMS/WS₂ and PDMS; (c) Raman spectrum of WS₂ crystal powder

Fig. 2. SSPM effect of PDMS/WS₂. (a) Optical path diagram of SSPM experiment for PDMS/WS₂; (b) diffraction ring patterns of PDMS/WS₂ under different incident intensities and wavelengths; (c) variation of the number of diffraction rings of PDMS/WS₂ with the incident intensity; (d) SSPM effect of PDMS at different wavelengths

Fig. 3. Stability analysis of PDMS/WS₂ diffraction rings. (a) Comparison of diffraction ring for PDMS/WS₂ and NMP/WS₂; (b) variation of diffraction ring of PDMS/WS₂ and NMP/WS₂ over time; (c) relative variation of nonlinear refractive index of PDMS/WS₂ and NMP/WS₂ with light intensity; (d) diffraction ring patterns of PDMS/WS₂ under the condition of wavelength of 473 nm and a light intensity of 16.28 W/cm²; (e) intensity value extracted along the dashed X-axis in Fig. 3(d); (f) intensity value extracted along the dashed Y-axis in Fig. 3(d)

Fig. 4. All-optical switch based on PDMS/WS₂. (a) Schematic diagram of the experimental setup for the all-optical switch; (b) diffraction patterns of PDMS/WS₂ as the pump light intensity increases; (c) linear relationship between the number of diffraction rings and total light intensity under 473 nm controlling 532 nm; (d) linear relationship between the number of diffraction rings and total light intensity under 532 nm controlling 473 nm

Fig. 5. All-optical diode based on PDMS/WS₂. (a) Forward-biased of the all-optical diode; (b) backward-biased of the all-optical diode; (c) variation of the diffraction rings of SSPM based on PDMS for forward and backward configurations with light intensity; (d) relationship between the number of diffraction rings and light intensity for forward-biased and backward-biased conditions