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Photonics Research, Volume. 10, Issue 2, 426(2022)

Silicon nonlinear switch as a conditional circulator for monostatic LiDAR systems

Mingfei Ding1, Yiwei Xie1,2、*, Hao Yan1, Abu Naim R. Ahmed3, Reza Safian3, Swapnajit Chakravarty3, Leimeng Zhuang3, Pengcheng Jiao4, Huan Li1, Liu Liu1, and Daoxin Dai1,2
Author Affiliations
  • 1Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, State Key Laboratory for Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Sensing Technologies, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
  • 2Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
  • 3imec USA, Nanoelectronics Design Center, Inc., Kissimmee, Florida 34744, USA
  • 4Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
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    References (47)
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    (a) Schematic of NMZI switch with two arms of different nonlinear effects; relationship between input power from T1 and output power from T3/T4 when the input is (b) high-power and (c) low-power pulses.

    Fig. 1. (a) Schematic of NMZI switch with two arms of different nonlinear effects; relationship between input power from T1 and output power from T3/T4 when the input is (b) high-power and (c) low-power pulses.

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    NMZI switch with 1/8 coupler on one arm.

    Fig. 2. NMZI switch with 1/8 coupler on one arm.

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    Picture of (a) chip layout and (b) fabricated chip of NMZI switch; (c) component structures of the NMZI switch.

    Fig. 3. Picture of (a) chip layout and (b) fabricated chip of NMZI switch; (c) component structures of the NMZI switch.

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    Experimental setup for optical NMZI switch. PC, polarization controller; CW, continuous waveform.

    Fig. 4. Experimental setup for optical NMZI switch. PC, polarization controller; CW, continuous waveform.

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    Output power at port T3/T4 of NMZI switch with respect to input signal wavelength (low-power signal input) for different wavelengths.

    Fig. 5. Output power at port T3/T4 of NMZI switch with respect to input signal wavelength (low-power signal input) for different wavelengths.

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    Experimental results of the NMZI switch with the input of a pulsed light source: (a) output powers versus input powers at T3 and T4; (b) T3-to-T4 extinction ratio in dB.

    Fig. 6. Experimental results of the NMZI switch with the input of a pulsed light source: (a) output powers versus input powers at T3 and T4; (b) T3-to-T4 extinction ratio in dB.

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    Measured waveform and signal spectra obtained from a photodetector: (a) waveform before the chip and chip output port T3; (b) spectra before the chip and chip output port T3.

    Fig. 7. Measured waveform and signal spectra obtained from a photodetector: (a) waveform before the chip and chip output port T3; (b) spectra before the chip and chip output port T3.

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    • Table 1. Parameters in the NMZI Switch

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      Table 1. Parameters in the NMZI Switch

      ParameterValue
      Waveguide loss α (dB/cm)2.7
      Fiber-to-chip coupling loss (dB)8
      Effective area Aeff (μm2)0.065
      Arm length L (mm)15.6
      Nonlinear refractive index of Si n2 (m2/W)4.5×10−18
      Effective nonlinear coefficient γ of strip silicon photonic waveguide (W−1 m−1)282
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    Mingfei Ding, Yiwei Xie, Hao Yan, Abu Naim R. Ahmed, Reza Safian, Swapnajit Chakravarty, Leimeng Zhuang, Pengcheng Jiao, Huan Li, Liu Liu, Daoxin Dai, "Silicon nonlinear switch as a conditional circulator for monostatic LiDAR systems," Photonics Res. 10, 426 (2022)

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    Paper Information

    Category: Optical Devices

    Received: Sep. 29, 2021

    Accepted: Dec. 13, 2021

    Published Online: Jan. 21, 2022

    The Author Email: Yiwei Xie (xieyiw@zju.edu.cn)

    DOI:10.1364/PRJ.444480

    Topics

    laser devices and laser physics
    Lasers and Laser Optics
    Laser physics
    laser manufacturing
    Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology