Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of focusing. (a) Speckles pattern formed as a result of plane waves through a scattering medium; (b) focused spot is formed after phase modulation

Fig. 2. Simulation model used for focusing of speckle field

Fig. 3. Processing flow of HO algorithm

Fig. 4. Results of focusing by phase modulation. (a) Speckle pattern formed by unmodulated incident light passing through scattering medium; (b) focused spot formed after phase modulation; (c) curve of PBR at target position versus the number of iterations; (d) phase pattern loaded on spatial light modulator to form focused spot in Fig. 4(b)

Fig. 5. Image projection. (a) Target image; (b) result of image projection through scattering medium; (c) relationship between Pearson correlation coefficient and the number of iterations

Fig. 6. Modulation performance of HO and GA varies with noise under different noise interference. (a) Relationship between PBR and noise; (b) relationship between Pearson correlation coefficient and noise

Fig. 7. Multi-focal spot diagrams formed by HO algorithm and GA after phase modulation at the target position. (a1)(b1) Two-spot focusing; (a2)(b2) three-spot focusing; (a3)(b3) four-spot focusing; (a4)(b4) five-spot focusing; (a5)(b5) six-spot focusing; (a6)(b6) seven-spot focusing; (a7)(b7) eight-spot focusing; (a8)(b8) nine-spot focusing; (a9)(b9) ten-spot focusing

Fig. 8. Relationship between the average PBR and RSD of multi-point focusing and the number of focusing points. (a) Average PBR variation diagram of HO and GA; (b) RSD variation diagram of HO and GA