Fig. 1. (a) Schematic diagram of designed multifunctional CMs; (b) physics process of vortex localization and OAM selective conversion for all diffraction orders, where the solid (dashed) arrow denotes an incident vortex wave (reflected and transmitted vortex waves).

Fig. 2. Numerical demonstration for the multifunctional manipulation of vortex waves in CMs (m = 4) with γ = 2. The effect of vortex localization: (a) l_in = 0, l_r = 0 and (b) l_in = 5, l_r = 5. The function of OAM selective conversion: (c) l_in = −10, l_t = 10 and (d) l_in = 10, l_t = −10.

Fig. 3. Interpretation for two different vortex wave manipulations. The relationship between the relevant diffraction orders of (a) reflectivity, (b) transmissivity and the incident OAM l_in in CMs (m = 4) with γ = 2.

Fig. 4. The performance of vortex localization and OAM selective conversion in CMs with m = 4. (a) Relationship between the critical OAM of vortex localization |l_crt| and different γ; (b) relationship between the OAM of vortex selective conversion |l_slt| and supercell number N.