Fig. 1. Test platform for pulsed electric field prevention and control of biofouling

Fig. 2. Typical waveforms of the voltage applied on the electrodes of the treatment chamber when U_L=27 kV,τ =38, 51, 77 μs

Fig. 3. Total equivalent processing time required for over 93% mortality versus E and τ

Fig. 4. Variation of mortality rate of Daphnia magna with E when n=1, τ=38, 51, 77 μs

Fig. 5. Variation of mortality rate of Daphnia magna with t when E =0.5 kV/cm, n=1, τ=38, 51, 77 μs

Fig. 6. Variation of mortality rate of Daphnia magna with W when W ranges from 0 to 750 J/L

Fig. 7. Typical morphology of Daphnia magna treated by the pulsed electric field with different parameters

Fig. 8. Variation law and fitting surface (R²_adjusted=0.80) of death rate of Daphnia magna with E andt

Fig. 9. Variation law and fitting curve (R²_adjusted=0.84) of death rate of Daphnia magna with W

Fig. 10. Determination process of pulsed electric field parameters when induced mortality is required to be over 80%

Fig. 11. Platform of pulsed electric field to prevent aquatic organisms from fouling