Fig. 1. Operational principle of the TAGS. (a) Schematic diagram of the operational principle, containing a pink inner loop of transmission matrix (TM) retrieval and a blue peripheral loop of glare suppression. (b) Flow chart of employing the generalized GS algorithm to retrieve the TM in the first stage. (c) Flow chart of employing the GS algorithm and the assisting matrix to synthesize the wavefront that suppresses glares in the second stage.

Fig. 2. Numerical results on examining the performance of the TAGS. (a) Glare-suppression factor as a function of the sampling ratio γ, under the various choices of the assisting ratio ζ. (b) When γ=5, ζ=4, and ξ=1, a typical example after performing the TAGS. The suppressed 100 speckles are enclosed in the yellow dashed box. (c) Comparison of the robustness of different methods. The glare-suppression factors obtained by the TAGS, the Hadamard-encoding algorithm (HEA), and the genetic algorithm (GA) are plotted as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio. (d) Comparison of the efficiency of different methods. The glare-suppression factors obtained by the TAGS, the HEA, and the GA are plotted as a function of the input-output (I/O) ratio. Error bar, standard deviations of 100 independent trials.

Fig. 3. Experimental setup to perform the TAGS. HWP, half-wave plate; PBS, polarizing beam splitter; BB, beam block; L, lens; BS, beam splitter; SLM, spatial light modulator; M, mirror; P, polarizer; MMF, multimode fiber.

Fig. 4. Experimental results of the TAGS. (a) Camera-captured image when performing glare suppression by directly inverting the transmission matrix (TM). (b) Camera-captured image when performing the TAGS. A glare-suppression factor of about 0.11 was achieved for 100 speckles, which is enclosed in the yellow dashed box. (c) Examinations of employing the TAGS to suppress glares at larger scales. When fixing N=100, the achieved glare-suppression factor as a function of the number of suppressed speckles through the TAGS (blue) and direct matrix inversion (red). (d) Examinations on different partition strategies of the camera pixels. By fixing N=100 and M=100, the achieved glare-suppression factor under different partition strategies through the TAGS (blue) and direct matrix inversion (red). Error bar, standard deviations of five independent realizations.