Fig. 1. Scatter distribution of WVMR detection results by lidar and radiosonde

Fig. 2. Statistical results of correlation coefficient R between BR and WVMR. (a) 0.2‒1 km; (b) 1‒2 km; (c) 2‒3 km

Fig. 3. Boxplot of correlation coefficient R between BR and WVMR. (a) By source; (b) by season (“×” represents the mean, horizontal line represents the median, box represents the first quartile and third quartile, and dots represent outliers)

Fig. 4. Detection and inversion results from October 7 to 10, 2023. (a) Spatiotemporal evolution maps of RCS in elastic scattering channel; (b) spatiotemporal evolution maps of BR; (c) spatiotemporal evolution maps of WVMR; (d) variation patterns of wind direction and wind speed at different times

Fig. 5. Distribution and origin of aerosols and water vapor on October 7, 2023. (a) Profiles of BR and WVMR; (b) scatter plot and fitting of BR and WVMR distributions; (c) HYSPLIT backward trajectories at 19:00

Fig. 6. Distribution and origin of aerosols and water vapor on October 8, 2023. (a)‒(d) Depict the variation patterns of BR (solid lines) and WVMR (dashed lines) profiles within 0.2‒1 km range from 19:40 to 21:00,triangle symbol represents altitude of fastest descent; (e) HYSPLIT backward trajectories at 19:00

Fig. 7. Distribution and origin of aerosols and water vapor on October 9, 2023. (a) Profiles of BR and WVMR; (b) scatter plot and fitting of BR and WVMR distributions; (c) HYSPLIT backward trajectories at 19:00

Fig. 8. Distribution and origin of aerosols and water vapor on October 10, 2023: (a) Profiles of BR and WVMR; (b) scatter plot and fitting of BR and WVMR distributions; (c) HYSPLIT backward trajectories at 19:00

Fig. 9. Distribution and origin of aerosols and water vapor on May 18, 2023. (a) Profiles of BR and WVMR; (b) scatter plot and fitting of BR and WVMR distributions; (c) HYSPLIT backward trajectories at 19:00