A spatial carrier interferometry method is used for the thermo-optical aberration measurement of a thin-disk laser crystal, and the influence of jet impingement cooling system on the thermo-aberration of the thin-disk laser crystal is studied in detail. The experimental results show that the distortion of the thin-disk laser crystal caused by the jet impingement cooling system is mainly spherical deformation. As the pumping power increases, the thermo-aberration of the thin-disk laser crystal becomes worse. In the center of the pumping spot, the thermo-aberration is mainly spherical and the dioptric power decreases linearly with the increase of pumping power. In contrast, on the edge of the pumping spot, the thermo-aberration is mainly aspherical and the aspherical distortion becomes worse with the increase of pumping power. The wavefront distortion curve under a pumping power of 493 W is presented and the repeatable measurement precision of its root-mean-square is 1.153 nm. The experimental results show a good consistency with the results of theoretical analysis. It provides an important reference for the design of a stable resonator and the compensation of thermo-aberration for a disk solid-state laser.