Fig. 1. The sparse aperture system and its point spread function

Fig. 2. Calculation of the equivalent aperture for the annular-5 configuration

Fig. 3. Calculation of the minimum fill factor of the annular-5 configuration under frequency domain constraints.

Fig. 4. The equivalent diameter plot as a function of D₀ and R₁

Fig. 5. Modulation transfer function of the annular-5 configuration under different fill factors

Fig. 6. Point spread functions of the annular-5 configuration with different piston errors

Fig. 7. Distributions of point spread functions and modulation transfer functions with decreasing wavefront errors

Fig. 8. Modulation transfer functions with different AO wavefront errors under two fill factors