Atmospheric Correction Method for Sentinel-2 Satellite Imagery

Fig. 1. Location and image situation of study area. (a) Location of study area; (b) resolution is 10 m, and RGB channels are band 2, 3 and 4; (c) resolution is 20 m, and RGB channels are band 5, 7 and 12; (d) resolution is 60 m, and RGB channels are band 1, 9 and 10

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Fig. 2. Image segmentation. (a) Photo taken in the fieldwork; (b) image segmentation result (vegetation is white, and soil is black)

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Fig. 3. Geometric relationship between sun and satellite

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Fig. 4. Reflectance spectral curves of different ground objects before and after atmospheric correction. (a) Winter wheat; (b) rape field; (c) bare soil; (d) cement pavement

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Fig. 5. Correlation analysis of atmospheric correction results of Sen2cor, 6S model and SMAC. (a) Result of reflectance by SMAC, 6S and Sen2cor; (b) result of reflectance by SMAC and Sen2cor; (c) result of reflectance by SMAC and 6S; (d) result of reflectance by 6S and Sen2cor

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Fig. 6. Correlation analysis between atmospheric correction results and measured values of reflectance

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Fig. 7. Correlation analysis between NDVI from Sentinel-2 imagery and measured NDVI value

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Table 1. Bands of Sentinel-2 imagery

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Table 1. Bands of Sentinel-2 imagery

Sentinel-2 imagery band	Central wavelength /nm	Band width /nm	Resolution /m
Band 1-Coastal aerosol	443	20	60
Band 2-Blue	490	65	10
Band 3-Green	560	35	10
Band 4-Red	665	30	10
Band 5-Vegetation red edge	705	15	20
Band 6-Vegetation red edge	740	15	20
Band 7-Vegetation red edge	783	20	20
Band 8-NIR	842	115	10
Band 8a-Narrow NIR	865	20	20
Band 9-Water vapour	945	20	60
Band 10-SWIR-cirrus	1375	30	60
Band 11-SWIR	1610	90	20
Band 12-SWIR	2190	180	20

Table 2. Angle information of each band of Sentinel-2 imagery
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Table 2. Angle information of each band of Sentinel-2 imagery
Band Zenith angle of satellite /(°) Azimuth angle of satellite /(°)
Band 2 7.62 284.83
Band 3 7.65 284.91
Band 4 7.69 284.95
Band 5 7.71 284.99
Band 6 7.74 285.05
Band 7 7.77 285.09
Band 8 7.63 284.87
Band 8a 7.80 285.14

Table 3. Lookup table structure of Sen2cor

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Table 3. Lookup table structure of Sen2cor

Parameter	Range	Increment/grid points
Zenith angle of sun /(°)	0-70	10
Zenith angle of viewing /(°)	0-10	10
Relative azimuth /(°)	0-180	30
Average elevation /km	0-2.5	0.5
Visibility /km	5-120	5, 7, 10, 15, 23, 40, 80, 120
Water vapor content in summer /cm	0.4-5.5	0.4, 1.0, 2.0, 2.9, 4.0, 5.0
Water vapor content in winter /cm	0.2-1.5	0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.1

Table 4. Regression analysis of Sen2cor method, 6S model and SMAC

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Table 4. Regression analysis of Sen2cor method, 6S model and SMAC

Atmospheric correction model	Regression equation	R²	E_rmse	P	Reliability /%
6S-SMAC	y=1.0904x-0.0259	0.9874	0.0063	<0.0001	99.99
6S-Sen2cor	y=1.0792x-0.0256	0.9970	0.0031	<0.0001	99.99
SMAC-Sen2cor	y=0.9804x+0.0019	0.9906	0.0060	<0.0001	99.99

Table 5. Regression analysis between atmospheric correction results and measured values of reflectance

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Table 5. Regression analysis between atmospheric correction results and measured values of reflectance

Atmospheric correction model	Regression equation	R²	E_rmse	P	Reliability /%
Sen2cor	y=0.6005x+0.0773	0.8196	0.0388	<0.0001	99.99
6S	y=0.5549x+0.0957	0.8176	0.0391	<0.0001	99.99
SMAC	y=0.6072x+0.0780	0.8131	0.0395	<0.0001	99.99

Table 6. Regression analysis between NDVI from Sentinel-2 imagery and measured NDVI value

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Table 6. Regression analysis between NDVI from Sentinel-2 imagery and measured NDVI value

Atmospheric correction model	Regression equation	R²	E_rmse	P value	Reliability /%
Sen2cor	y=0.4975x+0.1110	0.6389	0.093	<0.0001	99.99
6S	y=0.4432x+0.0955	0.6467	0.092	<0.0001	99.99
SMAC	y=0.4334x+0.1441	0.6473	0.091	<0.0001	99.99

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Wei Su, Mingzheng Zhang, Kunping Jiang, Dehai Zhu, Jianxi Huang, Pengxin Wang. Atmospheric Correction Method for Sentinel-2 Satellite Imagery[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2018, 38(1): 0128001

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