Raman spectrometer is an instrument used to record and analyze Raman scattering spectra. It consists of multiple components such as a laser light source, sample chamber, filters, dispersion system, detector, and signal processing module. Based on different principles, it is mainly divided into grating spectrometer Raman spectrometer and Fourier transform Raman spectrometer. With the continuous advancement of science and technology, the performance and functionality of Raman spectrometers are constantly improving. Portable Raman spectrometers have the characteristics of miniaturization, portability, and real-time analysis, making them suitable for field and on-site applications. On-chip Raman spectrometers use micro-nano fabrication technology to integrate optical components on chips, achieving smaller and highly integrated devices. Raman spectrometers have a wide range of applications in fields such as chemical composition analysis, environmental safety monitoring and food safety monitoring, etc. This article briefly introduces the principles and development history of Raman scattering, as well as the main components of common Raman spectrometers and typical application scenarios.