Single-Shot Waveform and Spectrum Measurement Techniques for Strong Field Terahertz Pulses

Hongyi Lei; Fangzheng Sun; Hao Chen; Yanyu Wei; Baolong Zhang; Guoqian Liao; Yutong Li

doi:10.3788/CJL230790

Chinese Journal of Lasers, Volume. 50, Issue 17, 1714001(2023)

Single-Shot Waveform and Spectrum Measurement Techniques for Strong Field Terahertz Pulses

Hongyi Lei^1,2, Fangzheng Sun^1,2, Hao Chen^1,2, Yanyu Wei^1,2, Baolong Zhang¹, Guoqian Liao^1,3、*, and Yutong Li^1,2,3,4、**

Author Affiliations

¹Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

²School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

³Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China

⁴Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

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Figures & Tables(9)

Fig. 1. Basic layout for free space electro-optical sampling technique^[19]

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Fig. 2. Spectro-encoding single-shot time-domain waveform measurement scheme. (a) Typical optical path design; (b) typical origin spectral data measured by spectrometer; (c) typical terahertz time-domain waveform

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Fig. 3. Spectro-encoding single-shot time-domain waveform measurement scheme based on spectral interferometry technique. (a) Typical optical path design; (b) typical origin spectral data measured by spectrometer; (c) typical terahertz time-domain waveform

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Fig. 4. Non-colinear spatial-encoding single-shot time-domain waveform measurement scheme. (a) Typical optical path design; (b) schematic of spatial encoding; (c) typical origin image captured by camera; (d) typical terahertz time-domain waveform

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Fig. 5. Spatial-encoding single-shot time-domain waveform measurement scheme based on reflective echelon prism. (a) Typical optical path design with time delay introduced by reflective echelon prism shown in inset; (b) typical origin image captured by camera; (c) typical terahertz time-domain waveform

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Fig. 6. Response functions of zinc telluride and gallium phosphide crystals with different thicknesses. (a) ZnTe; (b) GaP

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Fig. 7. Multi-channel terahertz spectrometer. (a) Optical path layout; (b) typical measurement result

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Fig. 8. Single-shot terahertz autocorrelation measurement scheme^[34]. (a) Optical path design; (b) geometric relationship of two terahertz pulses on camera array; (c) terahertz background spot and typical autocorrelation signal spot; (d) terahertz spectra

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Table 1. Comparison of various single-shot detection schemes

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Table 1. Comparison of various single-shot detection schemes

Method	Time resolution	Time window	Spectral resolution	Spectral bandwidth	Advantage	Disadvantage
Spectral-encoding	$\sqrt[]{τ_{0} τ_{L}}$	$τ_{L}$	$1 / τ_{L}$	Being limited by electro-optical crystal	Little modification compared to traditional scanning methods	Time resolution limited by chirped laser pulse duration
Spectral- encoding with spectral interferometry	$τ_{0}$	$τ_{L}$	$1 / τ_{L}$	Being limited by electro-optical crystal	High time resolution with large time window	Difficulty in optical alignment and data processing
Non-colinear spatial-encoding	$\frac{w_{p i x e l}}{M c} t a n α$	$\frac{w_{s p o t}}{M c} t a n α$	$1 / (\frac{w_{s p o t}}{M c} t a n α)$	Being limited by electro-optical crystal and optical setup	Being ease in alignment	Conflicts between high time resolution and wide time window
Spatial-encoding based on echelons	$\frac{2 h}{c} c o s θ$	$\frac{2 N h}{c} c o s θ$	$1 / (\frac{2 N h}{c} c o s θ)$	Being limited by electro-optical crystal	High time resolution with large time window	Requiring high-precision echelons
Multi-channel terahertz spectrometer			Relying on filter bandwidth	Relying on filter central frequency	Being ease in alignment and data processing	Spectral resolution limited by filter，and requiring high terahertz energy
Single-shot terahertz autocorrelation	$2 \frac{δ}{c} s i n (\frac{θ^{'}}{2})$	$2 \frac{D}{c} s i n (\frac{θ^{'}}{2})$	$\frac{c}{4 δ s i n (\frac{θ^{'}}{2})}$	$\frac{c}{2 D s i n (\frac{θ^{'}}{2})}$	High spectral resolution with large spectral bandwidth	Requiring terahertz camera

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Hongyi Lei, Fangzheng Sun, Hao Chen, Yanyu Wei, Baolong Zhang, Guoqian Liao, Yutong Li. Single-Shot Waveform and Spectrum Measurement Techniques for Strong Field Terahertz Pulses[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2023, 50(17): 1714001

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Paper Information

Category: terahertz technology

Received: May. 4, 2023

Accepted: Jun. 19, 2023

Published Online: Aug. 28, 2023

The Author Email: Liao Guoqian (gqliao@iphy.ac.cn), Li Yutong (ytli@iphy.ac.cn)

DOI:10.3788/CJL230790

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology