In this paper, we propose a turbulence-resilient underwater visible light communication (UVLC) scheme based on a polarization-diverse dual-aperture receiver. The scheme is experimentally tested using 32-level APSK modulation and a 5-meter underwater link with an integrated circular-polarized 5-wavelength transmitter. Correspondingly, we propose a bit error rate (BER)-weighted attention mechanism-based adaptive symbol-level fusion algorithm for receiver-side post-equalization. The maximum transmission rate of 73.31 Gbps is measured with the BER below 7% the hard decision forward error correction (HD-FEC) threshold of 3.8×10-3. To the best of our knowledge, this marks the highest data rate documented for UVLC systems at a 5-meter transmission distance.