In this research, we report a two-dimensional pose measurement scheme based on a metasurface array reflector, which enables absolute tracking of both linear and angular positions. The metasurface array reflector, utilizing the tailored optical field characteristics of a plasmonic absorption structure, simultaneously responds to linear and angular displacements within the illuminated optical field range and provides a characteristic absolute code to the receiving end. This code can be used to map the target’s linear and angular position. By matching it with a pre-established template network, it is possible to track the target’s absolute position. Under μm-level linear displacements and μrad-level angular displacements, we achieved precise two-dimensional linear and angular tracking and positioning based on this device.