Underwater scattered light communication (USLC) utilizes the strong scattering properties of seawater to achieve a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) communication channel, which is a promising solution to the stringent alignment requirements and random transmission path blocking in underwater wireless optical communication. In this paper, we model the channel for USLC based on Gaussian and Bessel beams, in which we comprehensively explore the effects of different water types and transceiver configurations on USLC, and simulate the photon propagation in seawater by Monte Carlo (MC). Specifically, we analyze the fluctuation in received signal strength as a function of communication distance across three distinct water types, in which the model consider the influence of different optical wavelengths and spatial modes at the transmitter as well as various optical lens configurations at the receiver. Modeling and experiments validate blue Gaussian beams for short-range, low-turbidity cases, green Bessel beams for long-range, high-turbidity conditions, and the receiver antenna's utility restricted to short-range applications. The conclusions obtained can be used for the selection of transceiver devices in USLC systems.