Solid-state single-photon emitters have advantages of the outstanding optical properties of atoms (such as high reliability and high efficiency) and the convenience and extensibility of solid-state systems. Therefore, they play an important role in scalable optical quantum information technology. However, single photons emitted from solid-state single-photon sources in vacuum have some drawbacks, such as low spontaneous radiation rate, omnidirectional emission, and random polarization state of emission light, which greatly limit their applications. Surface plasmon polaritons supported by metallic micro-nano structures have huge field enhancement and sub-wavelength field confinement effects. Therefore, a variety of metallic micro-nano structures have been designed to manipulate single-photon emission. Here, recent advances in exploiting metallic micro-nano structures for tailoring single-photon emission (including emission enhancement, emission direction, and emission polarization) are reviewed. The performances of different manipulations of single-photon emission are compared and the corresponding control mechanisms are analyzed. Finally, the challenges and developments of the manipulation of single-photon emission from metallic micro-nano structures are prospected.

With the rapid development of optical communication technology and the improvement of laser average power, magneto-optical isolators are required to ensure the unidirectional propagation of light, thereby maintaining the stable and efficient operation of the optical system. As the core component of optical isolators, magneto-optical medium has also developed rapidly. Several magneto-optical materials and the shortcomings of the current magneto-optic garnet crystals, as well as the principle and application of the Faraday effect are first briefly introduced. Then, the advantages and disadvantages of the current various fluoride magneto-optical crystals as a new generation of magneto-optical crystals are systematically analyzed. Finally, the potential application of CeF3 magneto-optical crystals and the future development of fluoride magneto-optical crystals are prospected.

The flux utilization rate of light source is an important evaluation index of light distribution elements in the illumination optics design. Based on Fresnel formula, a theoretical model for reflection-absorption loss of light distribution elements is established, and its applicable range is discussed. Using this model, the reflection-absorption loss of the free-form surface plano-convex lens and the total-internal-reflection lens are calculated respectively, and the results are compared with those obtained by software simulation and experimental measurement. It is found that the calculated values of the theoretical model are highly consistent with the simulated results of the optical software,and the absolute errors of the transmissivity of free-form surface plano-convex lens and total-internal-reflection lens with collecting angle 60° for point source are 0.7% and 0.14% respectively. In the other hand, considering the influence of the assembly error, the calculated values are also basically consistent with the experimental measurement results. Based on this research, it is indicated that by using the established reflection-absorption loss model, in the illumination optics design, the reflection loss on each optical surface and the material absorption loss of various light distribution elements can be predicted quickly and accurately without software simulation and experimental test. This provides a reference for the performance evaluation, structure selection and optimization of light distribution elements.

Heavily erbium-doped fluoride fiber is used to enhance the process of energy transfer up-conversion between erbium ions, leading to the generation of mid-infrared lasing around 2.8 μm. The full-band emission covering all the emitting lines of erbium ion from 0.5 μm to 3.0 μm is observed, and the emitting wavelengths agree well with the transitions between the corresponding energy levels. The full band lasing output of erbium ion is experimentally studied. It is found that 2.8 μm lasing is dominant due to the high doping level. With the pump power changing from 2 W to 4 W, the peak wavelength of 2.8 μm lasing could be tuned in the range of 2714-2784 nm, which is caused by the gain competition combined with the selectivity of cavity and the effect of inhomogeneous broadening. With the pump power increasing above 3 W, the spectral splitting of lasing can be observed. The high stable mid-infrared lasing at 2.8 μm is obtained with the maximum output power of 0.7 W and slope efficiency of ~12%.

In order to obtain deep ultraviolet (UV) ultrashort pulses with large energy, deep UV femtosecond seed light is amplified by an ArF excimer amplifier. By measuring the seed light signal and the fluorescence signal of the excimer amplifier, the effect of the delay between the seed light signal and the amplifier discharge signal on the single amplification characteristics of the pulse was investigated under different environments. The results show that the amplification system achieves precise synchronization of seed light and excimer amplifier with low jitter, the maximum pulse energy in air and nitrogen is 197.2 μJ and 312.6 μJ, respectively, and the pulse spreading in nitrogen environment is reduced by 99.2 fs on average compared with in air. It is proved that compared to air environment, nitrogen environment can effectively reduce the energy decay and pulse spreading of deep UV ultrashort pulses, and synchronous jitter has less influence on amplification characteristics.

In order to develop a concentrator system suitable for solar-pumped fiber lasers, an improved compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) for fiber coupling was proposed based on the analysis of the feasibility and defects of traditional CPC for fiber coupling. A solar pumped multistage concentrator scheme consisting of a primary parabolic mirror and a secondary improved CPC has been developed, and comparison with the scheme of a secondary concentrator composed of a general CPC and a lens group, as well as the scheme without secondary concentrators, has also been carried out. The simulation results of ray tracing show that the improved CPC can overcome the divergence of ordinary CPC outgoing light,thereby improving its coupling efficiency with optical fiber.When the receiving angle range of the primary mirror is within ±0.55°, the coupling efficiency of the improved CPC with optical fiber is maintained at 93.53%-96.43%, which is superior to other schemes.

In order to realize fast and high-precision calibration of detector array, the control system of high-precision two-dimensional calibration platform for detector array is studied, and a closed-loop displacement control system using a single chip computer to control stepping motor and encoder is designed in this work. Firstly, the calibration principle of the platform and the design of hardware and software control system are introduced, then the control PID algorithm is studied. Finally, a calibration system is built to test the designed control system comprehensively. The experimental results show that the control system has good control ability. The positioning accuracy of the platform can reach-11~12 μm within the effective itinerary of 600 mm × 600 mm. The variation coefficient of ten single point test data is 0.13%, and the average measurement error in continuous mode is 1.65%, indicating that the designed platform meets the calibration requirements of detector array and provides an effective means for the calibration of detector array.

A hybrid quantum system is constracted based on the traditional cavity optomechanical system coupled with the surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonator, and then the physical mechanism of the nonreciprocal phonon-photon quantum interface is studied using this model. The results show that the essential reason to realize this nonreciprocal quantum information transfer is the interference effect, and the coupling strength and phase between the mechanical resonator and the auxiliary optical cavity play a key role during the manipulation of nonreciprocal information.

Distributed quantum computing is an effective way to solve the problem that existing quantum computing devices are not sufficient to support large-scale quantum computing. In distributed quantum computing, the communication links between distributed subsystems are established through quantum teleportation, so the number of quantum teleportation determines the transmission cost of distributed quantum computing. In order to reduce the number of quantum teleportation between distributed subsystems, a merge transmission model with spanned gates is proposed, which allows multiple non-successive gates to complete the transfer through a single quantum teleportation. Based on this transmission model, the number of quantum teleportation for distributed quantum computing is optimized. When the number of qubits in the distributed subsystems is not considered, the number of quantum teleportation is reduced by an average of 57.3% compared to existing results. While in the case of distributed subsystems with a limited number of qubits, the use of the merge transmission model with spanned gates can reduce the number of quantum teleportation by an average of 14.6% while consuming less qubits, and for large-scale quantum circuits, the optimization rate reaches 58.8%.

Private set computation is an important part of secure multi-party computation, which can perform certain set computations (such as intersection, union) among the legitimate participants without revealing their private information. However, the existing quantum private set computing protocols generally do not consider verification, so participants cannot determine whether the calculation results are correct or not. To solve this problem, a quantum private set computing protocol based on verification is proposed. In addition, this protocol can selectively solve private intersection or union problems. In performance analysis, the correctness and verifiability of the protocol are proved by examples, and the security of the protocol is also proved by external attack and participant attack.

Aiming at the limited number of receivers in current simultaneous dense coding, an uncontrolled or controlled simultaneous dense coding protocol with multiple receivers is proposed by introducing n-bit quantum Fourier transform. In the uncontrolled multi-party simultaneous dense coding protocol, after the sender performs encoding and locking operations on the particles to be transmitted, only the receivers perform unlocking operations jointly, can they obtain the final encoding information at the same time. While in the controlled multi-party simultaneous dense coding protocol, only all receivers cooperate with the permission of the controller, can the transmission of information be completed. The security of the proposed protocol is verified by analyzing internal and external attacks. Besides, only Bell measurement is used in the proposed scheme, which is easy to implement under experimental conditions.

A hybrid nanomechanical resonator system consisting of a diamond nitrogen vacancy (NV) color center and a cantilever beam is proposed, where the NV color center is embedded at the bottom of the cantilever beam, and the coupling is achieved through the interaction between the stress generated by the vibration deformation of the cantilever beam and the spin electrons in the diamond NV color center. Then, the coherent optical properties of the hybrid system are investigated using optical pump-probe technique. Firstly, an all-optical approach for measuring the frequency of nanomechanical resonator is proposed based on the absorption spectra of the hybrid system. Under the condition of the red sideband, the coupling strength between spin and nanomechanical oscillator can be determined by observing the splitting width of two peaks in the absorption spectra. In addition, due to the extended coherence period of the electron spin in NV center, an all-optical mass sensing approach at room-temperature is further proposed based on this hybrid system.

Current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers are subject to various noises, resulting in the errors between the quantum circuit operation results and the ideal results. In order to make the circuit output closer to the desired result, the operation results of the quantum circuit need to be calibrated. Based on the reversibility of quantum circuit, the state errors in the forward and reverse circuit operation data are collected as the main noise features, and then an output calibration method based on support vector machine (SVM) is proposed. According to the method, the noise characteristics are sorted firstly by the support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) method, then the overfitted features are removed to obtain better calibration results for quantum circuit output. Experimental results show that compared with the optimization-based mapping methods, the proposed SVM-based method yields quantum circuit output results that are closer to the ideal results. In comparison to the decision tree ensemble classification model (Qraft), when the gate count of the CNOT quantum circuit is 60, the improvement rate reaches 43.94%.

Quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a method for approximately solving combinatorial optimization problems, and has broad application prospects in related fields. It solves problems by repeatedly adjusting circuit parameters in order to maximize the expected value of Hamiltonian. In the research, QAOA is applied to the number partition problem (two partition problem). By converting the problem function into the corresponding Hamiltonian, a quantum circuit is constructed. The circuit parameters are optimized using constrained optimization by linear approximation (COBYLA) method, and the simulation experiment is carried out on IBMQ simulation platform. It is found that QAOA has good performance in number partition problems, which can obtain the solutions of the problems in polynomial time and reduce the time complexity of the problems.

Silicon photonics has been considered as the most promising platform for on-chip optoelectronic integration. However, it is still a great challenge presently for the study of silicon-based active devices such as silicon-based light source, detectors and modulators. Therefore, an asymmetricGe/SiGe coupled quantum wells which can be used to realize intensity modulation is proposed and simulated. Firstly, the band structure and wave functions of the asymmetric Ge/SiGe coupled quantum wells is calculated using the 8 band k·p theory model. And then, the absorption spectrums of the asymmetric coupled quantum wells for both TE and TM polarization transmission light are simulated in detail under the electric fields from 0 kV/cm to 60 kV/cm. The simulation results show that for TE polarization, the first absorption edge of the asymmetric coupled quantum wells is about 1449 nm without external electric field. While under the applied electric field of 30 kV/cm, the first absorption edge of the asymmetric coupled quantum wells shifts about 22 nm towards long wavelength direction, which is more remarkable than that of traditional uncoupled quantum wells under the same electric field. Therefore, the proposed asymmetric Ge/SiGe coupled quantum wells is a promising structure for silicon-based intensity modulators to achieve lower operating voltage, higher speed and lower power consumption.

In order to obtain the tellurite glass with good thermal stability and high-intensity luminescence, WO3 is doped into the TeO2-ZnO-Na2O system to improve the anti-devitrification and thermal stability of the glass. The results show that the ΔT of the tellurite glass increases from 110 °C without WO3 to 142 °C with WO3 content of 20 mol%. On the basis of thermal stability study of tellurite glass, the spectral properties of single-doped Er3+ and Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped tellurium tungstate glasses are further studied. The research results show that under the co-doping conditions of Er3+/Yb3+, the energy transfer between Er3+/Yb3+ improves the absorption efficiency of Er3+ ions for 980 nm pump light, and the luminescence intensity in the 1.5 μm band is enhanced. Finally, Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped tellurium- tungstic glass with high-intensity 1.5 μm band emission is obtained, indicating that the co-doping of Er3+/Yb3+ is an effective method to achieve high-intensity luminescence in the 1.5 μm band.

Atmospheric plasma can induce chemical reactions, and nitric oxide (NO) is one of the main products of atmospheric chemical reactions. Accurate measurement of atmospheric concentration of NO is helpful for revealing the mechanism of atmospheric chemical reactions and optimizing the application of plasma in the atmospheric environment. In this work, NO is generated through atmospheric chemical reactions induced by filament plasma produced by ultrashort laser pulses with a pulse width of 35 femtoseconds and a working wavelength of 800 nm in a sealed absorption cell under variable air pressure. Then, mid-infrared laser absorption spectroscopy is used to measure NO in real time and in situ at variable pressure. It is found that under different air pressures, the concentration of NO produced increases with the reaction time until it remains stable. However, it requires more time for NO to reach a steady concentration with the increase of air pressure. Due to the influence of three-body recombination, the accumulated volume ratio concentration of NO decreases from more than 400 × 10-6 at low pressure to about 120 × 10-6 at atmospheric pressure.

The charge exchange and the energy transfer between Earth's upper atmosphere and high-energy electrons play an important role in the upper atmospheric luminous phenomena such as aurora and airglow. By building a ground-based simulating setup for electron excited high-altitude atmospheric radiation based on a vacuum system, the ionizing excitation of neutral molecules induced by electron impact and the corresponding radiative transition mechanism in the upper atmosphere are verified here. The device can create a vacuum gradients of more than 5 orders from 102 to 10-3 Pa, generate electrons with kinetic energy in 102-103 eV and monitor spectral transitions with wide range from near ultraviolet to near infrared. As an illustrated example, the setup has been applied to study the electron excitation of N2 and O2, the two main components of atmosphere, and their spectral distributions are measured and compared. It's found that the emission spectral intensity of N2 is not only positively correlated with electron energy, but also much higher than that of O2 under the same condition. Using the known spectral bands of the pure gases of N2 and O2, the excited spectrum of the actual atmosphere has been assigned, which shows that the emission bands of the air and pure N2 tend to be convergent, but the former's intensity decreases in some contents. These results demonstrate that the developed setup can be used to simulate the colliding excitation of middle and upper atmosphere components during the deposition of high-energy electrons.

To address the issue of instrument performance degradation of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers caused by different types of environmental signal noise, an adaptive filtering algorithm, which can update filtering parameters in real-time based on different environmental noise levels, is proposed in this work. The basic principle and implementation process of the algorithm are theoretically deduced, and the filtering effect under different filtering parameters is analyzed. Then, the proposed filtering algorithm is used to filter the measured spectral data, and the spectral signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of different filtering methods is compared and analyzed. The results show that the SNRs of the adaptive filtering algorithm in 2100-2200 cm-1 and 2500-2600 cm-1 bands are 1.29 times and 1.13 times those of the traditional hardware filtering, respectively, indicating that the adaptive filtering algorithm proposed can effectively improve SNR of FTIR spectrum and the performance index of FTIR instrument.

The introduction of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) has greatly improved the detection speed and accuracy of gas. However, in petrochemical leakage and explosion, forest fire and other emergency sites, there are some scences that human can not conduct on-site detection. In order to cope with this situation, a portable FTIR gas detection method based on mobile platform was designed. By combining the advantages of cloud server and Raspberry Pi, remote operation of mobile platform can be achieved. Then the mobile platform equipped with a portable FTIR spectrometer can be operated remotely and transported into the site, and the site location data, video data and spectral gas concentration data can be transmitted back timely through 4G/5G modules. Finally, the whole system device was tested in the field base, and CO2, CO, SO2, C6H6 and other pollution gases were detected. The test results verified that the system can work reliably in the field. This work provides idea and solution for the integrated application of FTIR spectrometer or other spectral detection systems on mobile platforms.

In order to obtain the solar ultraviolet direct spectral irradiance with high signal-to-noise ratio on the ground, an ultraviolet sensitive linear array CCD detector was selected, and a prototype of a hyperspectral ultraviolet irradiance monitor was developed. The CCD circuit system was designed. The working principles and design methods of power supply circuit, driving circuit, analog front-end circuit and timing sequence of CCD driving were discussed. The nonlinearity and signal-to-noise ratio of the CCD circuit system were tested in the laboratory using a standard light source. The results show that in the 340 nm band, when the signal received by the CCD detector reaches about 80% of the saturated signal, the signal-to-noise ratio of the system exceeds 400. Finally, the tested CCD circuit system and the optomechanical module were assembled, and the wavelength calibration of the assembled spectrum module was carried out. It is shown that the hyperspectral UV irradiance monitor covers a spectral range of 280~400 nm, which meets the working requirements of the monitor for UV hyperspectral measurement, and verifies the rationality and feasibility of the CCD circuit system design.