By using a quantum nonperturbative scattering theory, asymmetry in photoionization of high Rydberg states of rubidium atoms in circularly polarized few-cycle microwave frequency laser pulses was investigated. Asymmetry in photoelectron angular distributions was found. The asymmetry is caused by the quantum coherence of different transition channels. Dependence of the asymmetry on carrier-envelope (CE) phase, pulse duration and photoelectron’s energy were discussed. It is found that the asymmetry varies with the CE phase, pulse duration, and photoelectron’s energy dramatically. The result confirms the recent experimental finding. It provides an effective means to measure the CE phase and control the photoelectron angular distributions in microwave frequency optical regime.

Under the frame of quantum electrodynamics, by using a nonperturbative quantum scattering theory, photodetachment of ions in ultrafast strong laser fields was investigated. It was found that for the same above-detachment peaks, with the cycle number and carrier-envelope phase constant, when ions with γ times of binding energy were irradiated by γ times of frequency and γ3 times of laser intensity, angular distributions of photoelectrons didn’t change, where γ was arbitrary positive real number. The results verifies the scaling law of photoionization in few-cycle laser pulses.

The infrared polarization properties of target can be measured by polarimetric Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. In order to obtain spectral radiance distribution of target, the instrument must be calibrated in infrared waveband. The experimental results indicate that the instrument response functions of the polarimetric FTIR spectrometer are inconsistent at different polarized orientations. It was caused by the instrumental polarization sensitivity. The polarization characteristics of the instrument were measured and instrument response function and its offset were acquired. The influence of instrumental polarization sensitivity is eliminated using the result of calibration, which can be employed as the foundation for improving the polarized accuracy of the infrared target detection.

Y2O3:Ti3+, Eu3+ nanopowder was prepared by co-precipitation method in N2 and H2 atmosphere. Its XRD, excitation and emission spectra were measured, its morphology was observed. By analysis and comparison of spectra to Y2O3:Ti3+, Eu3+ with Y2 O3 :Ti3+, it was discovered that there exists energy transfer process from Ti3+ions to Eu3+ions, so Eu3+ions can be excited by ultraviolet or blue light and emit fluorescence peaks at about 610 nm via 5D0→7F2 transition channel. As a result the fluorescence in the red and orange light area is strengthened, therefore luminescence properties of the powder may be adjusted. The excitation spectrum of Y2O3:Ti3+, Eu3+ nanopowder extends from ultraviolet to blue-green region, and the strong fluorescence covers entire visible light region. It indicates that Y2O3:Ti3+, Eu3+ nanopowder is expected to be a new generation light conversion phosphor for white LED or mercury lamp.

A new method for generation of two dimensional bar code is proposed. Compared with traditional bar code, the new kind of bar code is produced by holography. It not only minimizes complexity of encoding, but also improves ability of volume of information and error correction in bar code by taking advantage of the inherent characteristics of hologram. In addition, by the half-tone technique, it minimizes losing of information of printing process. The simulation and experiment results prove the validity of the method.

Nondiffracting beams are of interest for optical potential applications owing to their properties of smaller central spot, longer propagation distance and so on. A phase-hologram-based method of generation of nondiffracting beams array with arbitrary order is proposed. If a phase-hologram-array that possesses the same eigenvalue is utilized, a unique bright annulus is generated in the Fourier plane because of the shift-invariance of Fourier transform and consistency of phase hologram design. Then through the Fourier transform again, a nondiffracting beams array is generated. Furthermore, the location and order of each individual nondiffracting beam can be customized according requirement. Experimental results are in good agreement with the numerical simulation and theoretical analysis.

As a kind of new light power transmission medium, liquid-core optical fiber has a lot of prominent advantages. The comparative advantages of a liquid-core optical fiber to a conventional high power fiber bundle were introduced in detail. For transmitting UV-laser, the transmissivity of excimer laser in liquid-core optical fiber was measured for excimer laser of wavelength 248 nm and 308 nm. The dependences of transmission characteristics on laser output parameters, such as pulse energy(1～5 mJ), wavelengh (248 nm/308 nm), average power (2～20 mW), etc., were analyzed. The results are useful for transmission of excimer laser in liquid-core optical fiber.

Polychromatic-vector solitons are investigated numerically in weak nonlocal nonlinear Kerr media. Results show that such solitons can be formed and propagate stably in this media with lower input power. Soliton spectrum width increases with increasing of wavelength and is independent of their input power spectra. However, soliton intensity is decreased with increasing of wavelength when the input power spectra are equal. Furthermore it is found that this character is distinct comparing to that in strongly nonlocal cases.

A new kind of europium-organic complex Eu(tta)4 ·DEASP was synthesized, in which the cation DEASP can play the role of two-photon sensitizer for Eu3+. The two-photon sensitization wavelength of Eu3+was extended to 1.06 μm. Furthermore, a series ramification of DEASP were synthesized. The analysis on the structure-property relationships demonstrated the following results. Changing the cation only by substituting the terminal donor group, the two-photon sensitization efficiency can be improved evidently. And, this kind of europium complex can be hopefully applied in the field of biological imaging.

When two coherent beams illuminate into the ethyl orange doped polymer film with small angle and equal intensity, the phenomena of self-diffraction occur. The dynamic characteristics of self-diffraction efficiency were explored experimentally. The results are the following: 1) The diffraction efficiency η increases monotonously from zero to a stable value ηs with the illumination time illuminated by lower intensity (I is 100 mW/cm2). 2) The diffraction efficiency η increases to a maximum ηm at first and then decreases to a stable value ηs illuminated by higher intensity. The phenomenon is analyzed theoretically by the model of population grating, which is formed by the molecules populations of trans and cis modulated by the coherence optical field. The theoretical results are consistent with the experimental results.

Based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the fiber-optic intrusion recognition system was established to realize high precision recognition system. By introducing the principle of multiple regression statistics, the multiple regression equations between signal characteristics parameters and dependent variable were set up. Optimal selection of characteristics was realized by the administration of a significance test on the regression model with method of gradually introducing. Classifier was designed based on perception with optimizing characteristics to establish fiber-optic intrusion recognition system. The test results indicate that the recognition system based on multiple regression has accuracy of identification is 83.33%.

Using molybdenum trioxide (MoO3 ) as anode buffer layer, organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells with a structure of ITO/MoO3 /P3HT/C60 /Bphen/Ag was studied. The effect of thickness of MoO3 on electrical characteristics of the device was systematically investigated. From the conventional equivalent circuit model, the series resistance of cell was calculated. Also, the absorption spectrum was measured by a spectrophotometer. The results indicate that at the optimized thickness of MoO3 , the short circuit current, open circuit voltage and fill factor were all increased. The MoO3 layer plays an important role in forming good interface contact between anode and donor, which decreases the series resistance and improves the carrier transfer and collection efficiencies. Moreover, MoO3 has high optical transparency and can not decrease the photon absorption efficiency.

A novel oscillating field biosensor was proposed utilizing ultrahigh-order modes excitated in a symmetrical metal cladding waveguide (SMCW). Different from the conventional biosensors, such as surface plasmon resonance sensor (SPRS), leaky mode waveguide sensor (LWS) and reverse symmetry waveguide sensor (RSWS), the sample is placed inside the guiding layer. Since the guiding layer supports a high intensity oscillating field, the intensity of output light is rather sensitive to the tiny variation of refractive index, which leads to very high sensitivity and resolution. Based on the noise level, 1ppm variation of the glucose solution was detected in the experiment. The proposed scheme is expected to have a wide application and promising future in various biomedical detections.

A new type of voltage sensor employing a symmetrical metal-cladding optical waveguide structure is proposed which utilized the sensitive property of ultrahigh-order modes of the metal-cladding optical waveguide. The voltage change can be determined by measuring the reflected light intensity when a direct voltage is applied to two electrodes to modulate the reflected light intensity through the refractive index change of LiNbO3 . The measurement range of voltage is from -800 V to 800 V with linearity of 0.995. The sensitivity coefficient of reflectivity light intensity is about 0.2% V-1. The results show that the voltage sensor has good linearity and high voltage sensitivity. And it has advantages of easy operating and cheap building up in measurement.

Utilizing the millimeter-scale symmetrical metal-cladding optical waveguide, mechanism of a large-range refractometer is proposed, which is applicable to measure the refractive indexes of gas, liquid and solid. In principle, anything transparent can be measured since the detection range is not limited. The data presented, based on the experiments on air, pure water and LiNbO3 crystal, show that the measurement precision is less than 3.0×10-3.

Factor group symmetry analysis method and position symmetry analysis method were applied to analyze the lattice vibration of Ca3 (BO3 )2 crystal. The fundamental lattice vibrational modes of Ca3 (BO3 )2 can be subdivided into external modes (3A1g+4A2g+7Eg+3A1u+3A2u+6Eu) and internal modes (2A1g+2A2g+4Eg+2A1u+2A2u+4Eu). Total vibrational modes are classified as 5A1g+6A2g+11Eg+5A1u+6A2u+11Eu. Among them, the ungerade modes A2u+Eu are acoustic modes, 5A2u+10Eu are IR active, the gerade modes 5A1g+11Eg are Raman active, and the others are neither Raman active nor IR active. Ca3 (BO3 )2 powder was synthesized by solid state method. Room temperature Raman spectrum of the powder was obtained. The experiment results are discussed, and the characteristic vibrational peaks of the BO3-3 groups were identified.

The absorption spectrum of Nd3+ions doped into Gd3 Ga5 O12 (GGG) single crystal was analyzed in the visible and near infrared region. Its crystal-field and spin-orbit parameters were calculated with the DV-Xα method, which belongs to an abinitio calculation. Meanwhile, its free-ions and crystal-field parameters were also been fitted to the experimental energy levels in 300 K and 77 K with the root mean square deviation of 15.79 cm-1 and 11.48 cm-1, respectively. According to the crystal-field calculations, 156 levels of Nd3+ions in 77 K and 88 levels of Nd3+ions in 300 K were assigned. The results indicated that the fitted and calculated crystal-field parameters by DV-Xα are consistent very well. Finally, the fitting results of free-ions and crystal-field parameters are compared with those already reported for Nd3+:YAG.

Bi3+, Eu3+, Tb3+doped Lu3 TaO7 were synthesized by solid-state reaction method. The powders were characterized by XRD patterns, excitation, emission spectra and decay curves. All of Lu3 TaO7 doped by the three kinds of ions show the considerable strong luminescence, Bi3+presents a broad emission band peaking at 431 nm and the decay time is 16.8 μs, Eu3+, Tb3+show the typical sharp emission peaks of rare earth ions and the decay times are 1.26 ms and 1.20 ms, respectively. So they can be applied as potential high-density scintillators.

10 at% Yb3+:GdGaGe2 O7 powders were prepared by solid state reaction method, and its structure was determined by the Rietveld refinement to the X-ray powder diffraction. Its space group is P21/c, lattice parameters of a, b, c, β and the atomic coordinates of Gd/Yb, Ga, Ge1, Ge2 and O1～O7 were obtained. The crystal field splitting of Yb3+in GdGaGe2 O7 was determined according to its absorption, excitation, emission and Raman spectra. The lifetime of 1003 nm emission is 0.493 ms at low temperature(8 K) and 0.774 ms at room temperature(300 K), and the obtained decay-time is longer at room temperature which is caused by its re-absorption. The emission and absorption spectra of Yb3+:GdGaGe2 O7 are relatively wide, the luminescence decay time is long, and it is a potential all-solid-state-laser medium.

Using the high micro-Raman spectroscopy, the micro-structures of nonlinear optical crystal LiB3 O5 and its high temperature solution were studied. The high temperature Raman spectra of LiB3 O5 crystals, Raman spectra of lithium borate glasses Li2 O·4B2 O3 at room temperature and its melt at high temperature were obtained. The analysis of these spectra indicates that the micro-structures of LiB3 O5 crystal and lithium borate glasses Li2 O·4B2 O3 are mainly the six-number boroxol rings containing one B
tetrahedron (represents bridge oxygen). With the temperature increasing, the stability of B?4 tetrahedron decreases and destroys, a conversion from 4-coordinated boron B
to 3-coordinated boron B occurs. As a result, the six-number boroxol rings containing one B
are partly destroyed and the concentration of boroxol B3
in the high temperature solution increases. The structural characteristics of the high temperature Li2 O·4B2 O3 solution are benefit for LiB3 O5 crystal growth.

Mo-doped ZnO (MZO) films with different Mo concentration (0～1 at%) were prepared on Al2 O3 (0001) substrates by sol-gel spin coating route. It was found that the MZO films with ZnO hexagonal wurtzite structure were highly c-axis orientation. The electrical properties of MZO films can be significantly improved by the heat-treatment in vacuum. The resistivity of the films initially decreases with the increase of Mo content and then gradually increases with a further increase of Mo content. The lowest resistivity of 0.13 Ωcm was obtained at a Mo content of 0.4 at%. The carrier concentration and Hall mobility were measured and discussed to understand the electrical transport characteristics. The high average transmittance (>85%) in near-infrared region (800～2000 nm) indicates the possible use of MZO films in photoelectric device can widen absorption spectrum range.