The structure and fabrication process of a novel Digital Encoding Grating Ruler (DEGR)were introduced.In this process, the pattern of DEGR is firstly fabricated on a (100) silicon wafer by combining UV lithography and holography lithography with wet etch technique, and then replicated to a hard substrate using polyurethane acrylate which is UV curable. Experimental results show that the process is highly repeatable. The replicated gratings work properly in the ambient temperature ranging from －55℃ to 70℃, and its diffraction efficiency is higher than 90% of the master one. The fabrication precision meets the requirements of the optical sensor, and the signal response accuracy is 100%. Moreover, this process could be used to fabricate other micro-nanometer structures with high precision, complex pattern and poor working environment.

In order to satisfy the requirements of large aperture broadband gold-coated gratings groove depth uniformity in the high-power laser system, Broadband sinusoidal gold-coated gratings with line densities of 1 740 lines /mm and groove depth of 210 nm have been successfully fabricated via the methods of trapezoidal grating-coating-deposition and holographic lithography-deposition. The average diffraction efficiency at the －1 order ( Littrow mount) is above 87% and the peak value is 90% for TM polarized light spanning wavelengths from 750 to 850 nm. The experimental results show that Gratings groove depth can be easily controlled. After removing the coated photoresist, the substrate could be reused. Diffraction efficiency and bandwidth meet the requirements of the domestic general broadband pulse compression gold-coated gratings.

Based on the theories of the ring resonators and the directional coupler,the theoretical models of the microfiber double-knot resonator with a serial structure and the microfiber double-knot resonator with a parallel structure were proposed,the mathematic expressions between the output light field and the input one in the two resonators were deduced.The directions of the propagation and coupling in the two resonators were studied, the change rules of the transmission spectra under different diameter ratios of their two rings were analyzed.Numerical simulation indicates that the number of the transmission peaks of the microfiber double-knot resonator with a serial structure under the envelope of its transmission spectrum is equal to the diameter ratio of its two rings,the number of the transmission peaks of the microfiber double-knot resonator with a parallel structure increases with the increasing of the diameter ratio of its two rings and there is a narrower transmission peak per equal spacing peaks of the diameter ratio.The microfiber double-knot resonator with a serial structure for approximately equivalent diameters and the microfiber double-knot resonator with a parallel structure for a diameter ratio of approximate 2 were fabricated.The experimental transmission spectra show good agreements with the theoretical ones for each structure,indicating that the theoretical analysis is considerably correct.The microfiber double-knot resonator with a serial structure and that with a parallel structure for proper diameter ratios have significant applications in optical filters,miniature lasers,sensors,and so on.

Numerical simulations based on generalized nonlinear Schrdinger equation were used to study the suppression of residual pump component of supercontinuum generated in dispersion-flattened dispersion-decreasing fibers.The results show that the shape of a supercontinuum spectrum is uniquely specified by the input soliton order N,the normalized quadratic dispersion coefficient Δ2 and the normalized effective fiber length ξ0.For a pump pulse with a given N and a given value of Δ2,the shape of a supercontinuum spectrum depends on ξ0.By appropriately choosing ξ0,the residual pump component can be suppressed effectively and a supercontinuum with desirable spectral flatness can be obtained.In order to obtain the optimal value of ξ0,S-factor is introduced to estimate the fluctuation of supercontinuum spectrum.The smaller the value of S-factor,the flatter the generated spectrum.Keeping N and Δ2 constant,S-factor of the generated supercontinuum spectrum for different value of ξ0 was calculated.When S-factor reaches a minimum value,the residual pump component is suppressed to the utmost extent and a flattest supercontinuum spectrum is obtained.The corresponding ξ0 is the optimal value of ξ0.The optimal value of ξ0 for the pump pulses with soliton order N in the range 1.0≤N≤2.2 was calculated.It is found that when N decreases,the optimal value of ξ0 increases.To generate a supercontinuum spectrum with weak residual pump component,lower-order soliton pulses are preferable to higher-order soliton pulses.

An optical fiber temperature sensor using two fluorescent dyes based on Fluorescence Intensity Ratiometric (FIR) method was proposed. In experiment, Rhodamine B and Rhodamine 110, which were temperature-sensitive and temperature-insensitive respectively, acted as the sensing materials. Polymer optical fibers were utilized to transmit excitation light and collect emitted fluorescence. The two dyes- fluorescence spectra could be separated conveniently since their respective emission peaks were 60 nm apart. The optimal spectral intervals of RH110 and RHB for FIR were identified. By calculating the fluorescence intensity ratio of the two dyes, the calibration curves of intensities ratios vs temperature were obtained with good linearity. The effects of different concentrations of fluorophore on the calibration curves were also studied. When the concentrations of dyes were 0.3 g/L, a minimum rms temperature error of 0.28℃ and a sensitivity of 0.0128/℃ were achieved. Moreover, the influences of illumination source-s fluctuations and dyes- photo-bleaching can be eliminated to some degree.

In order to obtain a high sensitivity,linearity and large dynamic measuring range, a physical model for a novel surface plasmon resonance sensor coupled by side polished fiber and triangular nano-rod array was proposed.By using Finite Element Method (FEM),the strong evanescent field escaped from the polished region of the fiber excites three kinds of plasmon resonances,which are Propagating Surface Plasmon Resonance (PSPR),Intrinsic Surface Plasmon Resonance (ISPR) of the triangular nano-rod,and the Inter-rod Surface Plasmon Resonance (IrSPR),and correspondingly results in three resonance valleys in the transmission spectra of the sensor.Both the ISPR and the IrSPR are of Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR),and present a relatively low sensitivity while yields in a high linearity to the change of the environment refractive index.On the contrary,the propagating surface plasmon resonance shows a high sensitivity but a nonlinear dependence to the change of refractive index.In the optimized design with a height of 100 nm for the triangular gold nano-rod,a sensitivity up to 12 882 nm/RIU is achieved in the range of 1.38~1.42 RIU.The proposed sensing structure utilizing the strong evanescent field of side polished fiber,integrates the merit of high sensitivity from propagating surface plasmon resonance,and also the merits of high linearity and large dynamic measuring range from localized surface plasmon resonance.The novel design has important research significance and is believed to developed into an important practical sensing platform.

A novel Mach-Zehnder interferometer pressure sensor was proposed by cascading single mode fiber with multimode fiber. It was fabricated by just splicing a single mode fiber with two short section of multimode fibers. The core-cladding modes interference of the single mode fiber was obtained due to the core mismatch, which made the change of outside pressure more directly acted on the light field inside of the single mode fiber, so a high pressure sensitivity can be achieved. In order to obtain a well-defined interference pattern, the length of the sensor was defined as 39 mm after many experiments. The experimental results show that with the increasing of the pressure, the transmission spectrum of the sensor appears red shift phenomenon obviously, the pressure sensitivity of the sensor is 554.830 pm/N and the linearity is 0.984 in the range of 2~16N pressure changes. The sensor has advantages such as simple structure, easy manufacturing, low cost, high sensitivity and so on, it can be well applied to pressure sensing field.

A novel THz fiber Bragg grating based on a polymer THz fiber filter was proposed and investigated The periodic index modulation of the THz fiber Bragg grating was introduced by the periodic diameter modulation of the polymer THz fiber by using a carbon dioxide laser or an ultraviolet laser to process the polymer THz fiber point by point. Based on the finite element method and fiber Bragg grating theory, the properties of the proposed THz fiber Bragg grating are well investigated considering the peak wavelength, reflectivity, bandwidth, length of the THz fiber Bragg grating and also the diameter and the degree of diameter deformation of the polymer THz fiber. The simulation results show that nonlinear relationship between the peak wavelength (reflectivity) and the grating pitch of the THz fiber Bragg grating is quite different from the conventional optical fiber Bragg grating.

In order to overcome the disadvantages of the double random phase encoding, a novel method for image encryption by employing the diffraction imaging technique was proposed. In this method, irisdiaphragm was used in optical diffraction encryption system, and to form amplitude plate of the different transmittance. Using this encryption system to encrypt the plaintext, multiple ciphertexts were obtained. During image decryption, by iterative phase retrieval algorithm the original plaintext is completely extracted from multiple diffraction intensity patterns. Computer simulations indicate that, since only needing to record the diffraction intensity of optical wave, the ciphertexts can be recorded without using interference methods. In addition, by means of iris-diaphragm, the transmittance of amplitude plate is easily adjusted, without changing optical structure or moving optical device, so that is greatly reducing the difficulty of implementation in the encryption process. Simulation results are presented to verify the validity of the proposed approach.

In order to settle the problem of quantitativly estimating ratio of detector noise and analyse whether detecoror noise is the main noise in laser coherent field imaging system,a novel method of quantitative analysis detector noise ratio was proposed.The Signalt-to-Noise (SNR) of the system was given by photoelectron statistics method,and estimating equation of SNR intermediate parameter was derived.A quantitative ratio model of detector noise to total noise was established by SNR equation and estimating equation of SNR intermediate parameter.The ratio model was tested and verified by theory analysis and experiment.The results show that in the specific experiment table,detector noise is about 52% of the total noise.Because the experiment was accomplished at night,turbulence noise and background noise had the least influence on the system,detector noise was the main noise source.The conclusion was acquired that the proposed metod can accurately and effectively estimate detector noise ratio to total noise and has the advantage of simplicity and effectiveness.It can be widely applied in quantitative analysing and measuring of detector noise in laser coherent imaging system.

In order to realize non-mechanical electric control for the laser beam for real-time moving target indication, a target indication system was established based on optical phased array. First, according to the principle of optical phased array and spatial light modulation characteristics, conjugate symmetric key to the default indicator diagram was added, then the calculating holography method of fast Fourier transform was used to generate holograms for tabulation. Secondly, under the charge-coupled device video capture environment, the improved Mean-shift tracking algorithm based on kernel density estimation was used to obtain information of target position, looked up in the table and loaded the holographic information to complete hologram real-time update. Finally, taking advantage of spatial light filtering characteristics, optoelectronic reconstruction step was designed, superfluous term was eliminated and the holographic reproduction process was completed. Experimental results show that the system speed is in more than 60 frames per second on 8 bit gray scale hologram and all parts to maximize effectiveness. It can satisfy the system requirements of real time, higher precision and stabilization. The theoretical algorithm and experimental results also verify the effectiveness of the system.

PbSe quantum dots,6.5nm,10nm and 15nm,were synthesized in polyvinyl alcohol by in-situ synthesis method, the holographic performance of photopolymer doped PbSe quantum dots was researched. The three sizes of PbSe quantum dots with different concentration were incorporated in photopolymer,and inorganic-organic hybrid photopolymer films were prepared.It can be seen from the UV-Vis absorption spectrum of composite photopolymer films that the incorporation of PbSe quantum dots do not react with other components to produce new substance.Transmittance of hybrid photopolymer films were measured by Argon-krypton ion laser with a wavelength of 647 nm,as well as the diffraction efficiency and the Bragg mismatch of holographic recording grating.It can be obtained that the hybrid photopolymer films are uniform and PbSe quantum dots disperse well by transmittance curves.The anti-wrinkle effect of hybrid photopolymer films is due to the PbSe quantum dots which play a supportive role in the photopolymer chain,so that the strain is difficult to generate in the holographic recording process,and the photopolymer films anti-wrinkle capability is increased.The incorporation of PbSe quantum dots improve the diffraction efficiency compare with un-doped samples from diffraction efficiency curves.Additionally,there exists the optimum size and concentration of PbSe quantum dots,the maximum diffraction efficiency of samples can be raised from 67.2% to 89.7%,the volume shrinkage can be depressed to 0.8% under conditions that the average size of PbSe quantum dots is about 10 nm and the concentration of PbSe quantum dots is 3.6×10-6 mol/L.In conclusion,the incorporation of PbSe quantum dots greatly improve the holographic performance of materials.

To solve the problems of slow convergence, ghosting and scene degradation in non-uniformity correction methods, a non-uniformity correction method based on trilateral filter and gradient weighted average filter was introduced．Firstly, trilateral filter was used to decompose the image into basic component and detailed component. Then, in order to decompose the scene details and the non-uniformity of detailed component, image sequence of detail components were filtered by weighted average filter. Finally, the corrected result could be obtained through subtracting non-uniformity from the original image. The experimental results show that the method can significantly suppress the ghosting and the scene degradation. The results of correction are superior to the THPF-NUC and NN-NUC in the aspects of subjective visual and objective evaluation index.

In order to prolong the life of the working gas in rare-gas halide excimer lasers, the real-time supply technology was added. This technology used FPGA control system to combine some operations effectively, such as improving the discharge voltage gradually, adding halogen gas and replacing part of the mixed gas. With the decrease of pulse laser energy, the discharge voltage was improved gradually. When the discharge voltage reached maximizing, it was time to add halogen gas and restore the discharge voltage. When the effect adding halogen gas was not apparent, part of the mixed working gas should be replaced. The technology was applied in medical ArF excimer laser, the experimental results show that the laser output energy of the laser drops by 17.2% after working 14.38 h accumulated without the real-time supply technology of working gas. But with this technology, the laser output energy decline rate is significantly lower, and it is stabilized successfully within the range of 3% working the same hours. Therefore, using this technology can extend the life of the working gas laser, increase the laser output energy stability, reduce downtime and lower operating costs.

The laser shocking processing of AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet by the femtosecond laser pulse is numerically simulated with the finite element method. In the simulation, the effect of laser shock processing on the deformation process of AZ31B magnesium alloy is studied, the distributions of characteristics within the material, such as displacement, stress and strain, are analyzed, and the dynamic variation process of velocity and strain rate is discussed. The results indicate that the plastic deformation of magnesium alloy sheet shocked by single femtosecond laser pulse led to a micrometer-scale pit on the material surface. The maximum displacement at the center of the pit is 34 μm. And the maximum speed reaches 390m/s. Stress and strain of material aremainly distributed near the central dot and the edge of laser shocked region. The maximum stress of the central dot is 955 MPa, and the maximum strain rate reaches 1.8×106 s－1.The results show that the numerical simulation of the laser shocking processing of AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet by the femtosecond laser pulse is able to provide the numerical references for analysis of the variation laws of materials by femtosecond laser loading.

Based on the frequency properties of laser, a novel method for measuring modes characteristic of laser gyro resonator is presented to confirm the mode characteristics of of measured laser. In which the characteristic distribution of laser modes are measured on-line by using a scanning interferometer with a con-focal resonator, take the known frequency spacing and swept rate of scanning interferometer as scale, it translates unfathomable frequency spacing into fathomable time spacing, and calculate the inverse proportion of different transverse mode frequency spacing and longitudinal mode frequency spacing. Besides it compares this value to the theoretic inverse proportion of the laser gyro, thereby the accurate mode characteristic of laser gyro resonator comes true. The experimental results of some laser gyro shows the relationship between the modes characteristic and its discharge current: the oscillating transverse mode in ring gyros cavity gradually changes from sigle fundamental mode to mixed mode with fundamental mode and high order mode. And the accurate mode characteristics is gained, the error between experimental results and theoretic value is less than 2%,The measurement accuracy and repetition of transverse mode frequency spacing and can be up to 1 MHz and 0.4 MHz respectively.

In order to improve the screening efficiency and in distribute medical resources rationally,a screening system of cervical pre-cancers based on the opto-electrical joint detection was developed.A hand-held detector with photoelectrodes on top stimulates the cervical tissue with electrical impulses,red light,green light and near-infrared light sequentially.The stimulation responses to opto-electircal stimulation were detected and calculated for the characteristic properties of tissue,which includes the voltage attenuation constant and relative reflectance.These two parameters were applied to classification algorithm to distinguish the cervical pre-cancers from the nornal tissue.313 clinical examples being covered,a clinical database of photoelectricity responses was established by comparying with the histopathological examinations.The results of tissue classification indicates the advantages of electro-optical combination in sensitivity,specificity and total coincidence rate over the separate electrical or optical detection.The total coincidence rate of this system with histopathological examinations achieves 85.1%.For the application,this system has the potential in enhancing the diagnosis rates of cervical pre-cancers with accuracy and portability,especially in underdeveloped areas.

In order to interpret the biological significance of ultra-weak photon emission during germination of plant seed,respiratory inhibitors NaN3 was used to treat germinating corn seed,spontaneous photon emission and delayed photon emission during germination of corn were tracked to measure and analyze,and the change of fresh quality of germinating corn was studied.The results showed that NaN3 inhibited the increase in spontaneous photon emission and fresh quality of germinating corns,caused a significant reduction in initial photon number and integral strength of delayed photon emission,the coherence time of delayed photon emission was also reduced.Mechanism analysis showed that the reduction of free radical reactions from respiratory electron transport chain caused by NaN3 was the reason about decrease of spontaneous photon emission in germinating corn,spontaneous photon emission intensity in germinating corn could be used as a signal to express the germination state of corn,the kinetic parameters of delayed photon emission could represent the strength of the respiratory metabolism during germination of corn,and coherence time could be used to measure the order of cell organization.Such,sensitive and non-destructive testing about the change of cell metabolism and functional status during seed germination could be realized through the collection and analysis of the ultra-weak photon emission in germinating seed.

The changes of retinal illuminace, circadian rhythm and blue light hazard with age were studied. The normalized spectral distributions of four common displays with white and blue background were measured with the spectrometer. The retinal illuminance factor, blue light hazard factor and circadian factor were calculated based on the lens spectral transmission of different ages. The relationships between these three factors and age were obtained. It is shown that the above three factors decrease rapidly as the age increases for the same light emitting diode backlight display. The retinal illuminance factor changes little with the type of display for human of the same age. For the younger, The blue light hazard factor and the circadian factor vary greatly with the displays, especially for the blue background. However, for the older, the variations of blue light hazard factor and the circadian factor are small for different displays.

A modified one-step reduction method was reported to synthesize the Sea Urchin-like Gold Nanoparticles (SU-GNPs), and the Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) characteristics of the SU-GNPs dependent on their surface morphology were experimentally studied. Experimental results shown that, the diameters and the thorn sizes of the SU-GNPs can be changed by adjusting the amount of silver nitrate aqueous solution added into hydrogen tetrachloroaurate trihydrate aqueous solution. When the added amount of silver nitrate was 1 μL, the as-prepared SU-GNPs had the longest thorns and the smallest diameter. And the measured UV-vis-NIR spectra exhibited that the localized surface plasmon resonance bands of the SU-GNPs were broaden with increasing of the added amount of silver nitrate. In addition, the effect of surface morphology on the SERS of SU-GNPs was investigated by using 4-mercaptobenzoic acid as a Raman reporter molecule. The results demonstrated that the SU-GNPs with smaller diameters and longer thorns gave rise to a stronger SERS enhancement.

Using symplectic integrators and staggered spatial differences to establish a new high-order Symplectic Finite-Difference Time-Domain scheme (SFDTD(4,4)) for solving time-dependent Schr?dinger equation. The fourth-order accuracy difference scheme for the second derivative of the space segment is to obtain the time evolution of the multi-dimensional system and then introducing the fourth order symplectic integrator for discrete; the numerical stability is obtained with SFDTD(4,4) scheme, one-or multi-dimensional stability conditions for Schrdinger equation with nonzero potential energy are also derived; the perfect absorbing boundary condition of SFDTD(4,4) scheme for quantum devices is achieved by the concept of stretching coordinate. The simulated results of a one-dimensional quantum well and metal MOSFET confirm the preference of the SFDTD(4,4) scheme over the traditional finite-difference time-domain scheme. The SFDTD(4,4) scheme, which is high-order-accurate and energy conserving, is well suited for long term simulation.The results can be used as a necessary reference for the design of new quantum devices.

The effect of the electron-phonon interaction on the degenerate four-wave mixing was investigated theoretically for electrons confined in a core-shell quantum dot.Under the framework of effective-mass approximation,the interactions of electrons with different phonon modes in the core-shell system,including the confined longitudinal optical and the interface optical phonon modes,were investigated.The degenerate four-wave mixing on a ZnS/CdSe core-shell quantum dot as a function of pump photon energy with different incident photon energy and under different sizes was calculated.The results reveal that the polaron effects are quite important especially around the peak value of the third-order susceptibility.The influence of electron-LO-phonon interaction on the degenerate four-wave mixing is bigger than the influence of electron-IO-phonon interaction.By increasing the size of the quantum dots,the peaks of χ(3)DFWM will shift to lower energy,and the intensities of the peaks will greatly increase.

An approach about how to stitch the sub-images to produce a high accuracy metric virtual image for optical splitting field of view camera was presented utilizing the constraint condition that virtual image coordinated of corresponding points in sub-images must be equal. Firstly, based on the analyzing of CCDs installation geometry error the stitching relations were designed and the sketch of stitching parameters was given; secondly, the optimized model assisted with the image matching operator was selected, such as SIFT etc. and workflow of sub-image stitching was expounded; lastly, stitch images distortion parameters refinement were processed making use of additional parameters self-calibration technology. The proposed method was verified by one self-design and manufacturing synthesized camera, and the inner precision of stitched images is within sub-pixel level that meets completely the requirements of mapping accuracy and imaging efficiency for a digital aerial photogrammetric camera.

In order to measure a convex aspherical surface with large aperture, back null compensator test method was proposed. By introducing an auxiliary spherical surface at the back of convex aspherical surface and introducing spherical compensator in optic system, this novel test method is able to realize null test. The auxiliary spherical surface is not only essential to form an aspherical lens with convex aspherical surface, but also can compensate part of normal aberration of convex aspherical surface. Based on the third-order aberration theory, the radii of auxiliary spherical surface and optical parameter of compensator of initial system are calculated. By using commercial optical design soft the initial system is optimized and back null compensator is designed. An aspherical surface with 120 mm diameter is tested to prove the practicability of this method. As the result, the residual wavefront error is smaller than 0.007λ rms (PV 0.024λ). The precision of convex aspherical surface which is measured by this method is better than 1/40λ.

To meet the relative radiometric correction requirements of optical remote sensor with large aperture and wide viewing field, the uniformity of integrating spheres light source was studied. Base on sphere cavity radiant theory, the output uniformity of integrating spheres reference light source was analyzed from radiant emittance distribution and mounting position of emitting module. The point source(tungsten-halogen lamps) and Lambert radiant type of surface light source(LEDs) are respectively mounted on the position within ±30°~±36.8° and ±30°~±45° to the exit normal of integrating spheres through optimal design. Using uniformity analysis result, integrating sphere with diameter of 3 m and diameter exit port of 1 m was designed based on LEDs and tungsten-halogen lamps emitting modules, and the angular and planar uniformity were measured. The results show that the planner uniformity within Φ890 mm and the angular uniformity within ±60°are better than 99% to the exit normal.

Using LED illumination formula, the light spot radius formula and the divergence angle formula of LED square array are deduced. Using fitting method, the power function formula of the spot radius and divergence angle with target distance and m value and array length are obtained.. The results show that the formulas can be quite good agreement with the numerical calculation results which the average relative error is less than 1%. It makes up for the defects that numerical method can′t analytical study on the light spot divergence characteristics of LED square array.

Multi-finger PIN photodetector was designed and optimized in a standard 0.25 μm BCD (Bipolar,CMOS and DMOS) process.The optimized large-area multi-finger structure PIN photodetector was applied in the monolithic optoelectronic receiver with a trans-impedance amplifier and a pre-amplifier.Based on simulation and test results,it is shown that 650nm responsibility of PIN photodetector is improved up to 0.260 A/W and the junction capacitance is decreased down to 4.39pF for the multi-finger structure.The receiver achieves a sensitivity of -23.3 dBm with the bit-error-rate of 10-9 at 250 Mb/s at 650 nm.A clear eye diagram of the proposed receiver is demonstrated for 250 Mb/s.Results indicate that the monolithic optical receiver can be applied to 250 Mb/s plastic optical fiber communication.

A square-lattice photonic crystal structure was proposed based on circular-ring cylinders and thin cross plates.The calculation process and the influence of operating parameters on the absolute bandgaps were presented.It is demonstrated through plane wave expansion method combined with cut-and-try method that its maximum relative absolute photonic bandgap reaches 19.026%,which is 10.181% and 712.035 9% higher than that in a PhC made of solid cylinder and connecting veins and that in a PhC made of dielectric rings,respectively.And there exist optimum values for the outer radius of the circular-ring cylinders,the relative ring thickness,and the thickness of the cross plates.Furthermore,the influence of the thickness of the cross plates on the relative APBG is quite sensitive.

The tight focusing properties of the femtosecond radially polarized light was analyzed on experimental setup, which including a femtosecond laser source and focal spot recording setup. According to the numerical simulation, in the case of being focused with the objective lens of NA=0.9, the linearly polarized light with the wavelength of 750 nm can get its smallest focal spot with FWHM of 1.3 μm, while that of the radially polarized light is 1.0 μm. The holographic plates were used as the recording media to record and measure the tiny focal spots, which were placed on a electric power-driven precise translation stage with precision of tens of nonameters so as to obtain the exactly minimum focal spots for the measurements by precise step-scan. The measurement result indicated that the radially polarized light can achieve sharper and tinier focal spots than the lineraly polarized light when with high NA focussing lens, whose FWHMs are 4.6 μm and 2.9 μm respectively for the same cases as the somulations.

In order to investigate the detail propertities of the focal spots for the few-cycle radially polarized femtosecond pulses, the numerical focusing modeling was established, and the intensity and vector distribution of the focal electric field were calculated and simulated. The temporal and spatial properties of the focal electric field are included in the modeling. According to the simulation results, the intensity decreases sharply from the focal center, and the oscillation direction changes periodically. Compared with the CW laser beam with the same power, the pulse possesses smaller focusing spot and higher peak power. Furthermore, by controlling the optical length, the synthetic electric fields in the forward direction are of greater ratio than the backward electric fields for a non-chirp few-cycle radially polarized femtosecond pulses beam, which will be favorable for direct laser-induced electron acceleration. The analysis is significant for designing scheme for electron acceleration with the few-cycle radially polarized femtosecond pulses, and also can be a valuable reference for the ultra-fast microscopic imaging and detection.

In order to achieve high-precision,controllable rotation of uniaxial crystal particles,the optical rotation can be achieved by the interaction between the beam of light and birefringent crystal particles.Based on the theory of wave optics,the main factors influencing the rotating angular velocity of uniaxial crystal particles were considered,(such as the thickness and radius of the particle,the angle between optical axis and crystal plane,the reflection of light beam on the crystal plane,the phase contrast between the ordinary and extraordinary rays,and the laser power.) The general formula of rotating angular velocity of positive and negative crystal were derived,moreover,the optical rotation of calcium carbonate particles and silica particles which represent the positive and negative crystals chosen as experimental material were simulated and calculated,and the rationality of the proposed theoretical model was testified by comparing with previously experimental data.According to the test results and theoretical analysis,calcium carbonate particles chosen as mechanical rotor was more appopriate,meanwhile,the radius and thickness of crystal particles should be chosen from 1~3 μm,further moer,the conclusions show that the parameters of mechanical rotor were optimized design to improve the rotation frequnency of the rotor.The results had directive significance to optical driven micro-mechanical motor design and the material selection of rotor.

A thin-film was proposed for optical super-resolution imaging,which substitute the liquid layer with a soft mold in the original dielectric microsphere based super-resolution imaging.The imaging character of silica and barium titanate glass microsphere immersed in three different liquid were investigated.And a thin-film was prepared which contains a layer of closely-arranged barium titanate glass microsphere embedded in a transparent polydimethylsiloxane soft mold.The result shows that the silica microsphere can discern the sample feature below the diffraction limit only it is semi-immersed in the liquid with refractive index lies in the range 1.33~1.548.However,the barium titanate glass microsphere should be fully immersed to achieve super-resolution imaging.The experiment is also taken to verify the feasibility of the thin-film based super-resolution imaging.A grating with period of 278 nm can be clearly discerned at the illuminated wavelength of 600 nm.

Based on the study of the generation of single optical vortex by the diffraction of optical wedge, an optical vortex array generation method was proposed. The diffraction of optical array by the rectangular optical wedge array was used to generate vortex array in the proposed method. If the spacing between adjacent beams in the direction parallelled to the wedge edge is equal to an integer times of the beam diameter, the beam array irradiation on the rectangular optical wedge array will produce vortex array. Then simulation was implemented for the verification of the feasibility. The wedge array was fabricated practically by the ultra-precision machine with integrated processing method.As the spatial light modulator can adjust beam array fast and flexibly, the experimental system was established, in which the spatial light modulator was used to generate the desired beam array by Dammam grating diffraction. The regulation of basic unit of Dammam grating mask pattern on beam array was researched in order to match the beam array and wedge array. The beam array with adjustable structure was obtained finally.The optical vortex array with same topological charge was generated successfully. The experimental and the simulative results have good agreement, which proved that the optical wedge array can generate vortex array effectively.

Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system was used to measure the characteristic absorption spectra of 8 transgenic cotton seeds in the frequency range from 0.3 to 1.5THz. Comparing the similarities and differences of THz absorption spectrum of 8 kinds of transgenic cotton seeds, which based on spectral analysis, and used principal component analysis to perform qualitative analysis, the relevant data of spectral analysis was obtained. Three principal component factors were extracted in this paper, of which the cumulative percentage variance reached 71.537%. Therefore, different categories of transgenic cotton seeds were clearly distinguished according to principal component analysis score chart. The experimental results indicated that nondestructive testing of transgenic cotton seeds could be achieved by using Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system technology, which could be widely applied in the fields of agricultural seed selection, agricultural security and so on.

Inorder to improve the performance of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer, the optical structure was based on the combination of cube corner mirror and fixed plane mirror, a swing mechanism moving mirror scanning system was designed. The system transfer function was established and the characteristics of control model was analysised, a feedback algorithm was designed to fit the system. It indicates that the system was friction free and insensitive to vibration; the optical structure can compensate the tilt and shift caused by the swing of the moving mirror, ensure the repeatabilty and stability of instrument; the algorithm parameters was adjusted to improve scanning accuracy, and the precision is better than 98.4%. The SNR of spectral is better than 80000: 1 by using the system, under 4 cm－1,which can meet the requirements of high precision quantitative analysis.