In this paper, a development of a non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) CO2 gas measurement system with an optical path length of 31 mm is described. The system improves its accuracy by optimizing the optical path and the light efficiency. Firstly, the ray tracing approach is used to simulate the light path of the chamber, so the light efficiency can be calculated. Secondly, based on the simulation result of the sensor that every different optical path length has its own contribution to the measurement, the optimized optical path length for CO2 measurement in the wavelength of 4.26 μm is 31 mm. Then the CO2 volume fraction measurement system is designed and tested by measuring the standard gas whose concentration is in the range of 20×10-6~1 500×10-6, and the experimental results show that the measurement accuracy of the system can reach 50×10-6.

The image motion compensation mechanism was the key groupware of aerial camera. The models of the amount and the velocity about image motion were set up, and the effect of image motion compensation by longitudinal image motion compensation mechanism was researched. The measurement method of the longitudinal image motion compensation mechanism was presented which was based on the residue of image motion. The test results showed that the method was feasible, and the method was convenient to use for testing aerial camera.

The method about detection of rim thickness parameter based on dual camera is proposed. Image registration is an important factor affecting the parameter calculation. Based on analyzing the characteristics of images of wheel contour, an image registration method is proposed, which relies on the feature point on registration plate. The image registration steps are designed. The affine transformation model is determined. The registration plate is designed for the consideration of the distribution and the number of feature points on the registration plate. The accuracy can be guaranteed. Through the experiment of image registration, the coordinates of feature points is extracted. The affine transformation matrix is solved. In the experiment, the accuracy is 2 pixels.

The natural user interface (NUI)is widely used because of clearance, conciseness,and intelligence. NUI-based applications have grown rapidly, particularly the use of gestures, which have occupied a pivotal place in the technology. With the rapid development of virtual reality technology, people’s workplaces have great changes. The traditional way to use mouse to control PowerPoint is bored. It can’t use people’s body freely. Therefore, considering this circumstance, one solution was presented by employing NUI technology for controlling PowerPoint using gestures. After a simulation experiment, the results show that computer can accurately identify a valid gesture, and PowerPoint can be controlled by gesture.

Due to the demand of fast recovery of 3D face, a recovery system based on non-Lambertian shape from shading (NL-SFS) approach was designed. Firstly, the non-Lambertian reflectance model was used to characterize the face, which was very closed to the actual reflectance property. Then, under a light source the face image was acquired by a camera whose projection mode was orthographic. The image irradiance equation for the face was derived under the assumption that the direction of the camera was the same as the light source. Furthermore, the equation was formulated into an Eikonal equation which included the shape of the face. Lastly, according to its characteristic, the system software was developed by using the fast marching method. The software can compute the solution of the equation, and then the 3D shape of the face was obtained. Experimental results demonstrated that the designed system could fastly achieve high recovery accuracy, which is 0.43% mean relative error within 0.9 s.

Due to the high absorption efficiency in both visible and infrared wave bands, micro/nano-structure silicon prepared by femtosecond laser has many important applications in the silicon-based optoelectronics, photoelectric detectors and super hydrophobic devices. However, the mechanism of the absorption characteristics with wide spectrum and high efficiency has never been quantified accurately, which limits further development and application of this kind of material. Therefore, we experimentally quantified the different absorption factors of the micro/nano-structure silicon prepared by femtosecond laser, including the dopant impurities in the silicon substrate, doping impurities induced during the laser fabrication process, absorption enhancement from the surface amorphous light-trapping structure. By these analyses, we determine that as compared to the doping sulfur impurities induced during the fabrication process, dopant impurities in the silicon substrate can contribute much more to the infrared absorption. Furthermore, the material is annealing-insensitive. These results have important influence on the design and manufacture of high efficiency optoelectronic devices.

To reduce the ultra-wide field angle, a pre-optics group that consists of several negative meniscus lenses of large power in a fisheye lens is used. The large incidence angle of light at these negative meniscus lenses will result in very serious aberrations. In the paper, the aspheric pre-optics design is proposed to control the aberrations of fisheye system. Based on the plane-symmetry imaging properties of the pre-optics, the evaluation function developed with the aberration theory of plane-symmetry optical systems is applied to optimize the aspheric coefficients of pre-optics surface as well as other parameters of the optical system. The imaging performances of different design options are evaluated with the evaluation function and ray-tracing simulation of Zemax.The results show that the fisheye lens optimized with aspheric pre-optics has significantly better imaging quality.

The alignment errors affect the imaging quality of optical system. We analyze the influence of eccentric error in the high-resolution optical imaging system. Based on a self-designed high-resolution spaceborne optical system which is closed to the diffraction limitation, we use the software Zeamx to analyze how the decenter and tilt during its alignment process affect the MTF.At the same time, we know that the weight of separate element affects the optical system. It can provide the basis for the design and implementation of alignment, and achieve the high-resolution imaging of 25 million pixels. This error analysis method can control the alignment effectively and improve the efficiency of system alignment.

Modern X-ray grazing incidence imaging telescope consists of a large number of conical surfaces pressed from cylindrical surfaces. In order to test figure error of the cylinder surface, the design of computer generated hologram (CGH) is achieved. Combined with the design and production process of CGH, we study the substrate surface figure error of CGH, etching duty cycle, etching position and etching depth. The cylindrical surfaces were tested in the X-ray telescope using the ZYGO interferometer and CGH. The results show that the figure error of cylinder surfaces meets the requirements of the mirrors of X-ray telescope.

Aiming at correcting the digital two-dimensional rotating-mirror’s angle and the actual image motion reading inconsistencies on optical scanning, in this paper reading correction method is proposed based on optical transmission matrix. First of all, according to the principle of two-dimensional turntable alignment readings detection, mathematical model is set up. The corrected pitch angle and azimuth of the emitted light is obtained. In order to verify the model, the emergent light direction for proofreading is revised by using high precision theodolite. In the experiment, this method improves the two-dimensional mirror reading error to 4" without increasing the precision of installation.

The far-field super-resolution imaging is a hot spot in the research.It is found that the microsphere played an important role in the far-field imaging. We design an experiment to realize de-aggregation of microsphere, and theoretically study imaging characteristics of single microsphere. According to the experimental research, we can double the resolution of far-field microscope by utilizing a specific scale of silica microsphere. By using the Nikon microscope with the halide lamp under the silica microsphere and relevant enhanced-medium, we double the imaging effect of a 1 200 line optical grating,and it shows the far-field imaging efficiency of microsphere.

The preparation process of single polarization α-phase LiNbO3 optical waveguide is studied using dilution of stearic acid and high temperature proton exchange technology. A high temperature sealing device is developed. A method by increasing vapor pressure to achieve the 350 ℃ proton exchange is proposed. Waveguide refractive index distribution is tested by using prism film coupling m-line technology and the statistical iterative method fitting. Crystal phase is analyzed by testing infrared absorption spectrum technique. The experimental results show that α-phase LiNbO3 optical waveguide can be produced under the conditions of the stearic acid doped with 1.1% lithium stearate mass proportion as buffer proton source and 350 ℃/6 h high temperature proton exchange. Single mode α-phase LiNbO3 optical waveguide at 632.8 nm wavelength can be produced under the conditions of the same temperature, time and the dilution of 1.3%.

For the X-ray timing and polarization (XTP) project in China,the optical structure of nested conical Wolter-I X-ray telescope was designed and optimized. Based on the theory of optical design of X-ray telescope, the optical parameters were calculated. By ABAQUS, the finite element model of nested telescope was established. The base-excitation method was used to carry out random vibration analysis. By switching layers, the stress of the telescope structure was reduced, which can meet the requirement of multilayers’ stress. This research provides a support for the design of X-ray telescope in XTP project.

A new design method of control module based on the concept of Agent is proposed, so that the intelligent wheelchair bed can always be ready for accepting control instruction from other objects around it, while itself is under independently operation. The command sequence for the motion choices that conform to the overall demand can be given by the perception fusion of the sensor groups information, the state machine information of the wheelchair bed, and the external collaborative information. After completing complex cross judgment and consultation, the coordinated operation of the external commands and the local autonomous control are collaborative executed, via the timely synthesis of the sensors group information, the external remote command information, and the accumulation of learning library information. To use the intelligent wheelchair bed, the control module based on the concept of Agent, can easily satisfy both independent intention and service obtained from other objects around it. At the same time, it is also very convenient for monitoring personnel to solve some special problems by remote control instruction. The test shows that the operation efficiency of the intelligent wheelchair bed is improved significantly.

Plant growth is selective to the absorption of the solar spectrum. Plants in the process of photosynthesis and growth are more sensitive to blue-violet light and red light. This paper designed and fabricated an optical filter to filter out yellow and green light with minimal absorption rate of photosynthesis so as to collect blue-violet light and red light which are necessary for plant growth. The broadband negative filter was prepared on the K9 substrate with large size through electron-beam evaporation system and ion assisted deposition system. The transmittance was over 90% at 400~470 nm and 630~750 nm wavelength band, and the reflectance at 500~580 nm wavelength band was less than 0.2%. The test results show that the broadband negative filter meet the requirements of the plant cultivation.

Thermal stability of the multilayer plays an important role in the applications. Co/Mo2C multilayer working at 778 eV was designed and fabricated by direct current magnetron sputtering, and the characterization was performed by using X-ray reflection and X-ray diffraction. The experimental results indicate great thermal stability with its period contraction. The as-deposited Co/Mo2C multilayer is in amorphous and has a good interface, while interfacial diffusion appears as the annealing temperature rising, and the Co-on-Mo2C interface is more stable than the Mo2C-on-Co interface due to Co3Mo crystalline alloy generated in Mo2C-on-Co interface.

Neutron polarizing supermirror (NPS) is a primary optical device for polarizing neutrons. In this paper, an optimized design method of NPS based on the famous Mezei design method, which has been widely applied in the design of neutron supermirrors is presented. Firstly,this paper introduces the principle of NPS, bringing up a method to choosing the material of layers in the NPS. Secondly, the Mezei method, which was brought up by Mezei in 1976 is introduced. Thirdly, two optimizing methods are presented for overcoming the shortages of Mezei method. Finally, the FeCo-Si neutron polarizing supermirrors are designed based on the optimized method for good reflectivity and polarization. The calculation results show that both methods can improve the reflectivity of the spin-up neutrons and the polarization.

We studied the relationship between the conditions under different sputtering pressure and the change of stress during the deposition of W/Si multilayer films. The multilayer structures are measured by using X-ray diffractometer. An online stress measurement device was used to measure the stress evolution during the deposition. Experimental results clearly indicate that the compressive stress decreases with the increase of the sputtering pressure from 0.05 Pa to 1.10 Pa. Then the stress changes to tension. The value of stress reaches the minimum at sputtering pressure of 0.60 Pa. The result is instructive in reducing the film stress.