Several methods of measuring C2n (refractive index structure parameter) are analyzed and compared, and the reason of leading this different measuring result is given. It is shown that the result of scintillation will change notably with power of temperature spectra when comparing with the result of double-point, but power of temperature spectra takes a little effect on angle-of-arrival variances and back-scattering of electromagnetic wave when comparing with the result of double-point. When outer-scale changes, the value of C2n with scintillation almost keeps equal, but when outer-scale decreases, the value of C2n with double-point and arrival angle will decreases very much. Especially, the relation between the double-point method and out-scale is verified, and the acceptable interval between two points is recommended.

The principle and method of digitalisation processing technique for interference pattern with obstruct are introduced. The method of dividing region by threshold value and Sequence tracking edge points using the characteristic of phase-shift interferometry are discussed. These techniques have been successfully applied to measure the surface and wave aberration of the system with obstruct.

A modified texture image segmentation algorithm is proposed. Based on the assumption that the observed texture image is the sum of the segmentation image and the irregular corruptive noise, the texture image is modeled by a contaminated Gaussian distribution. By a multiresolution model, the corresponding parameters at lower resolution are computed. Then the multiresolution segmentation algorithm first segments texture images at coarse resolution and then progresses to finer resolutions until individual pixels are classified. In addition the use of neighborhood priori information is more reasonable. The method results in accurate segmentations and requires significantly less computation.

A new method of two-channel phase measuring profilometry is presented. In color space, red and blue are independent, so they can be regarded as independent information channels. Two phase-opposite linearly coded gratings are put in red and blue channels, respectively, forming a color coded projecting grating. The image is received by a color CCD camera and digitized by PC based frame grabber. From red and blue channels two phase-opposite grate-modulated pictures with single sampling can be obtained. The proposed phase measuring profilometry can be used in the measurement of a dynamic profile.

The phase-measuring profilometry (PMP) is applied in big scale meadurement. With the dual-direction coordinate mapping method, the accurate 3-D coordinate of the measured object can be acquired. A new image splice method based on an algorism called “flood” is ptoposed, and it can compose the whole-region of the object surface with all the subregion along the optimal route.

How to select the proper method in interference stripes′ data-fitting touches the stripes′ orientation precision and the measurement precision. The limitation of the polynomial least-squareas fitting method is analyzed and a novel method based on the stripes feature is put forward. In this method, the non-linearity problem is resolved. The data-fitting percentage of this method is 99.99% in imitation and 97.24% in experiment. This method can be used effectively in fitting equation to stripes data, the whole data-fitting curve of the interference stripes can be obtained satisfactorily.

On the base of line-element hologram, the recording and observing conditions of rainbow hologram of large scene depth without slit are discussed, and some rainbow holograms of large scene depth were recorded in our experiments.

A temporally and spatially non-scanning imaging spectrometercomputed-tomography imaging spectrometer (CTIS) is introduced. The primary theories are described in details and a mathematical model is built. The system projector matrix of the model is calculated. With the SVD reconstruction algorithm, the simulated experiments are performed. The results show that the reconstruction algorithm is efficient and precise, and that the model and the theorem are all right.

Based on a plane grating monochrometer and a optical scanner, the high time-resolved optical multichannel spectrometer is developed. A computer is used to real-time control and data acquisition. The results show that the time resolution of this system is smaller than 10 ms, while the spectral resolution is remained.

A new velocity interferometer system called all-fiber white-light velocity interferometic system of any reflector (FVISAR) is demonstrated. The important developments of the FVISAR are discussed, such as the perfect space-interference property and the potential to work with very short coherence length light source even if white-light, in comparison with the conventional velocity interferometric system of any reflector(VISAR) which consists of complicated discrete optical elements. The key points in designing a FVISAR are described in detail, and an experimental FVISAR system with very low surce power is reported.Preliminary tests to the FVISAR were conducted using the Hopkinson Bar system. Results show that the observed free-surface velocities of LY12 aluminum samples were in good agreement with theoretical estimations by impedance match. The oscillations of the free surface velocity of the LY12 aluminum samples during the loading and unloading processes can be detected and observed clearly, which results from the wave reflections between the free surface and the steel bar/sample interface.

A method of design for the baffle of the Ritchey-Chretien (R-C) system used in space remote sensor is presented. A numerical method is provided to determine the lengths and diameters of the baffles. A stray radiation calculation method based on the feature of the R-C system is given for estimating stray light performance in the well-baffled R-C system. The calculation result of the point source transmittance (PST) is used to evaluate how the stray radiation is suppressed in this system.

The surfaces of diffraction optical element (DOE) are often deep and discontinuous, which lead to some difficulties for measurement of the 3-D surface topography of DOE. The generalized two-wavelength interferometry and a new data processing method are proposed, which effectively overcome the difficulties. Based on these techniques, a new measuring system has been set up with existing conditions. The system′s longitudinal resolution is 0.5 nm, the transversal resolution about 0.5 μm(NA=0.4), the measuring accuracy within the whole longitudinal measuring range is better than 1.3 nm.

The near field patterns in the direction parallel to the target surface of prepulse which induces J=0→1 lasers in neonlike Fe and Zn were investigated under three different focusing conditions of the pump laser, i.e. optimum focusing, prepulse laser beam defocused alone, and prepulse and main pulse defocused simultaneously. The experiment was performed at the Asterix IV iodine laser with a prepulse 5 ns before the main pulse. Under optimum focusing conditions for main pulse and prepulse the X-ray laser beam splits into two beamlets along the target surface (vertical direction) at its output end of the 2.5 cm long plasma column. The splitting was still observed when the prepulse alone was defocused. Defocusing the prepulse and the main pulse simultaneously eliminated the splitting, resulting in a very narrow half-maximum width of the vertical near field pattern of 40 μm (FWHM).

A longitudinal coupling factor is introduced into the rate equation of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs), taking the longitudinal coupling between photon and carrier into account. By using this modified equation, the relation between threshold current and number of quantun wells (QWs) is analyzed. The results show that the effect of longitudinal coupling between photon and carrier is not negligible. Furthermore, an expression for VCSEL′s threshold current Jth is given, which indicates that the bigger the longitudinal coupling factor is, the lower the threshold current is.

A passively Q-switched Nd:YAG laser using a semi-insulating GaAs is demonstrated. The laser characteristics, such as the threshold, single pulse energy and the pulse width were measured. Meanwhile, The saturable absorption dynamics is studied based on the energy-level structure. The rate equations and their numerical solutions for GaAs as passive Q switch were given. The experimental and theoretical results are compared and discussed.

On the basis of energy levels and spectrum of Yb3+ in silica, the formula describing the relationship between lasing wavelength and pump threshold power have been obtained in Yb3+-doped fiber laser. The effects of pump power, loss and threshold on the lasing wavelength were studied according to the formula. The related experiments have been conducted. The experimental results are in accord with the theory.

GaAs/SiO2nanocrystals embedded thin films have been prepared on silicon (111) wafers and optical silica plates by radio-frequency magnetron cosputtering technique and post-annealing at 673 K in vacuum. Raman spectroscopy strongly suggest the existence of GaAs nanocrystals being 3 nm in average size dispersed in SiO2 thin films. Compared with that of the bulk GaAs crystals, the optical absorption edge of GaAs nanocrystals exhibits a blue shift as large as 1.78 eV, and a few absorption peaks, which are mainly caused by the quantum confinement effect.

Alkali oxides K2O, Na2O and alkaline-earth oxides CaO、 SrO、 BaO, and La2O3, Al2O3、 B2O3 are used in Yb3+-doped silicate glasses, their effects on physical and spectroscopic properties are studied, especially the lifetime and stimulated emission cross-section. Effect of radiation trapping on measured fluorescence lifetime is considered. Explanation of lifetime quenching in case of high level Yb3+-doped glasses is given and relative long lifetime and large stimulated emission cross-section are obtained in our experiments.

The nonlinear optical property of a nonconductive isotropic chiral medium is described by using classical electromagnetic theory. The phenomenon of self-induced nonlinear optical rotation of a linearly polarized light is emphasized. The expressions of the nonlinear optical rotation additional angle in some special conditions are given.

A new approach for simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature using a single fiber Bragg grating is proposed and demonstrated. The fiber Bragg grating used for simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature was written on the joint of two different fibers, and has two reflection-peaks at different wavelength. One section of the grating was bonded onto the substrate with large thermal expansion coefficient, so, the two reflection-peaks show different strain and temperature response, and strain and temperature can be measured simultaneously.

Virtual-source approach, a design method for continuous-surface-relief (CSR) fan-out gratings, is described in detail. A local-search-based genetic algorithm that combines a canonical genetic algorithm (GA) with a local search method is used to the optimization design of CSR fan-out gratings. The proposed algorithm incorporates advantages of both GA and local search techniques. It can overcome the premature convergence of a canonical GA and shows a stronger ability to locate the global minimum. Numerical results demonstrate that CSR fan-out gratings with high diffraction efficiency and good uniformity can be obtained by using the algorithm proposed hereinbefore.

The fabrication of a diamond near infrared antireflective filter window and its application in industry are discussed. Using hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) method, a diamond near infrared antireflective filter window (model DIFW-1, working wavelength was 1.3～1.8 μm) was successfully fabricated. The detector with the diamond window DIFW-1 has been successfully used in on-line monitoring at Shanghai Baosteel Works. It is sensitive and reliable, and working very well in the high temperature corrosive environment.

The properties of light propagation in 1-D periodic dielectric structure was discussed. The conventional high-reflecting film system is proved to be a special case of 1-D photonic crystal, correspondingly, a structural analysis from the concept of photonic crystal is applied in the design of high-reflecting film system. And a new method to accurately measure dielectric index by detecting the defect frequency in 1-D doped photonic crystal is suggested.

A precise system for the measurement of X-ray guiding tubes is established. Systematic experimental study on the transmission characteristics of X-ray monocapillary and polycapillary are performed. The experimental results indicate that monocapillaries have high transmission efficiency for low energy X-ray, and polycapillaries have a wide band transmission property.

The effect of hydrogen additive in the Ne buffer gas on the output characteristics of a large-bore copper vapor laser has been investigated. The output power and beam spatial characteristics are significantly improved by hydrogen additive.

The experimental result of laser trapping of rubidium atoms is reported. The frequency of a diode laser is stabilized by means of saturated absorption spectroscopy. The linewidth of laser frequency is less than 1 MHz, and the offsetting of laser frequency can be controlled freely by using acousto-optical modulator. It satisfied the requirement of laser cooling and trapping of atoms.

The rovibronic structure on the first electronic excited state (S1) in gaseous pyridine was studied in its (2+3) polarization resonance multiphoton ionization (PRMPI) spectra excited by circularly and linearly polarized laser respectively. In the spectra, double-peak rovibronic bands were mostly observed. The result indicates that all the vibronic bands were assigned to various mixed-frequency bands of ν6a, ν10a, ν12, ν16b and ν17a in S1 and ν9a in S0. It is assigned that the frequency of ν17a in S1state is 670 cm-1, and the ν17a frequency decreasing in S1state is attributed to the similar mechanism undergone by ν10a.