As civil diode laser cladding sources rely heavily on import from the occident, this paper developed a diode laser source which could continuous output ten thousands of watt powers. The light paths of the diode laser was simulated by ZEMAX, including the designs of beam arrangement, collimation lens and focus units. Four diode laser stacks with wavelengths of 915 nm and 976 nm respectively were used in an experiment and their beams were combined by the technologies of polarization combination and wavelength combination. A focusing experiment was performed by the focusing system developed by oursevles and the experiment results show that when an current of 122 A is inputted, the output power and the total electrical-optical conversion efficiency of this laser cladding source are 10 120 W and 46%, respectively, and the beam spot size is 2.5 mm×18 mm at working surface. This diode laser source can meet the need of large area and rapid laser cladding and heat treatment in industry.

The Nd∶LiGd(MoO4)2 crystal samples with different orientations were machined, and their Continuous Wave (CW) and actively modulation laser characteristics were measured and analyzed. A laser diode (LD) end-pumped double mirror cavity was used in the experiment, in which the coupling transmittance of the output mirror was 2%. In CW operation conditions, the maximum output powers of a-cut and c-cut crystals were 733 mW and 550 mW, respectively, corresponding optical conversion efficiencies of 11.3% and 6.7%. In acousto-optic (A-O) operation conditions, the maximum output powers of a-cut and c-cut crystals were 180 mW and 135mW, respectively, corresponding optical conversion efficiencies of 2.8% and 1.7%. The optimum pulse experimental results are obtained when the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) is 10 kHz. It is shown that the largest pulse energy and the highest peak power are 15.8 J and 85 W, respectively, which come from the a-cut sample. The shortest pulse width is 153 ns, which comes from the c-cut sample. Experimental results indicate that Nd∶LiGd(MoO4)2 crystals with different orientations can output different wavelengths in 1061 nm for the a-cut sample and in 1 068 nm for c-cut sample. The multi-wavelength emission property of the Nd∶LiGd(MoO4)2 crystal will help its applications to the THz-wave domain.

A laser spot measuring system was designed to improve the position precision of a laser designator surveillance systems. All the components of the laser spot measuring system were introduced, respectively, and the relationship of all connected signals among these components was given. According to the laser backscattering in collecting laser spot images, a method was proposed to restrain the laser backscattering based on an asynchronous range-gating technology. To weakening the impact of atmospheric turbulence on laser spot imaging, an improved blind deconvolution algorithm was applied to the image process after the events for the laser spot image. Finally, the distortion of the spot image was adjusted and the spot position was computed by Gauss surface fitting method. The simulation experiments were designed and a practical field experiment was performed by the proposed system. The experimental results show that the precision of this laser spot measuring system is better than 0.3 pixel.

As the S-curve errors are important parts of centroid location errors for star sensors, this paper explored the sources of S-curve errors combining with the physical process of centroid location and a simulation. The specific effect of each error source was analyzed and an analytical expression of S-curve errors was calculated by a frequency domain method. The experiments using a star sensor were performed and the S-curve error in the center of the Field of View (FOV) was collected and was compensated using a sine model. The compensation effects on the S-curve errors in the whole FOV were analyzed by the same compensation model and the calibration data were also compensated. Experimental results show that the standard deviation of S-curve error is 0.048 pixels in the center of the FOV, and 0.027 pixels after compensation, therefore the precision of centroid location is improved by 43.8%.Furthermore, after compensating with the same sine model in the center of the FOV for whole field-curve errors, the precision of centroid location in the whole FOV is improved by 35.7% at least and the precision of calibration is improved by 31.7%. It concludes that the S-curve errors are important errors of star sensors and they can be significantly compensated by using the sine model.

This paper focused on the method to determine the physical thickness of a single-layer MgF2 film and its refractive index in the deep ultraviolet/vacuum ultraviolet spectral ranges. The single-layer MgF2 film was prepared on the B270 substrate by a Mo boat evaporation method. On the basis of reflectance spectra of the single-layer MgF2 film at various incidence angles, the refractive index and thickness of the film in 170-260 nm were determined by the simulated annealing algorithm and were compared with those of determined by ellipsometry. Experimental results indicate that the thicknesses of the MgF2 film are 248.5 nm and 249.5 nm by the simulated annealing algorithm and ellipsometry, respectively, which shows a deviation of 0.4%. Moreover, the refractive indexes of the MgF2 film at 240-260 nm obtained by two method mentioned above show a deviation less than 0.003. Obtained results prove that the method employing the reflectance spectral and simulated annealing is reliable for determining the refractive index and thickness of the MgF2 film.

The serious attenuation of laser signals caused by fog will take some influences on the laser fuse detection. Therefore, this paper focuses on the attenuation characteristics of a green laser in the fog. On the basis of Mie scattering theory, an attenuation model of laser radiation by the fog at 0.532 μm is established, and the attenuation characteristics of the laser at different visibilities are contrasted and analyzed by simulation and calculation. Then, the veracity of attenuation model is validated by a simulated fog experiment. Theory analysis and experimental results indicate that the laser beam is dependent on the visibilities in the fog, and it increases with decreasing visibilities. The laser at 0.532 μm has a stronger transmittance in the fog and it can be above 60% at a visibility of 50 m. Furthermore, the light transmission values measured in the experiment are basically consistent with calculated ones and the maximum error between them is about 4%, which proves the correctness of the attenuation model of laser radiation at 0.532 μm. The study provides theoretical basis for the green laser application in a detection system worked in the fog.

Solar Irradiance Monitor (SIM) on the FY-3C satellite was designed to be a Small-field-of-view Radiometer (SFoV-R) with a precise solar pointing system to decrease the measurement uncertainty derived from the wide field-of-view of SIM on FY-3A and FY-3B satellites. To obtain the measurement uncertainty derived from the SFoV-R, the field-of-view of SFoV-R on FY-3C satellite determined by a view-limiting aperture and a precision aperture was calculated. Based on this field-of-view, a theoretical change curve of the measured irradiance incidence angle was achieved. Then, an actual measurement of the change curves was performed. The result indicates that the relative deviation on an average between the theoretical and measured change curves is 1%-2%, which is close to the limit accuracy of the measuring installation and proves the veracity of the calculated values for field-of-view. The correction term of radiation exchange between space and the radiometer is estimated to be 2.023 W/m2 based on the calculated field-of-view. Experiments show that the standard deviation of this correction term can be neglected compared to the requirement of solar irradiance measurement accuracy.

A new differential frequency polarization modulation method based on triple-photoelastic-modulators (triple-PEMs) is proposed to overcome the shortcomings like that phase locked frequency is difficult to be measured by common array detectors and the polarization of polychromatic light is hard to be obtained. With the method, the tandem PEMs are operated as electro-optic circular retardance modulators at slightly different resonant frequencies ω1, ω2 and ω3 respectively, and they generate differential signals at much lower heterodyne frequencies (0, ω1-ω2, 2ω1-2ω3) by modulating the polarized components of the incident light. Then, the Stokes parameters S0, S1 and S2 can be obtained simultaneously by the lock-in amplifier circuit with one measurement. The basic principle is introduced, basic equations are derived, and the feasibility of the method is verified through the corresponding numerical simulation. The preliminary analysis indicates that the method not only retains the advantages of the existing PEM-based polarimetry, but also decreases the frequency of modulated photocurrent by 2-3 orders of magnitude(10-500 Hz). Moreover, its signals can be detected by a common array detector. This method has potential applications to the high precision polarization imaging technology.

A fiber integrated modulator is proposed based on a new kind of optical fiber with a fiber core on the inner wall. This optical fiber has a pore structure and its core is suspended on the inner wall of the pore. The magnetic fluid containing super paramagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles is synthesized, then it is encapsulated in the hollow optical fiber through molten connecting with a multimode optical fiber and used as the cladding of the fiber core. By an evanescent field, the magnetic fluid generates absorption effect on the light and its intensity is controlled by an external magnetic field, so that the light modulation is implemented. Moreover, the light at a wavelength of 632.8 nm is coupled in and out of the modulating element by tapering the coupling point. The experimental results show that only 2.0 × 10-2 μL of the magnetic fluid in the system can significantly impact the optical attenuation under different magnetic field strengths. When the magnetic field strength is 38 914 A/m , the saturation modulation depth is 43 %, and the system response time is below 120 ms. The system can also be used in light switches, optical fiber filters and magnetic sensors.

In order to improve the transmission performance of all-fiber three-channel interleavers, an all-fiber three-channel interleaver was developed by using a new configuration of dual-8-shaped ring resonator.The ring was composed of a planar 3×3 single mode fiber coupler and two 2×2 fiber couplers and was used as an input device. Furthermore, a regular triangle 3×3 fiber coupler was used as output device. The propagation properties of the three-channel interleaver were studied experimentally and theoretically. Obtained result indicates that the sidelobe level of channel of the proposed device is reduced by more than 24 dB and the crosstalk characteristics, channel isolation, the bandwidth of passband/stopband, the rolloff in transition band and the coupling-coefficient tolerance have been improved greatly in comparison with that of the convention all-fiber three-channel interleaver based on a two-stage cascaded Mach-Zehnder interferometer(TCMZI). This kind of interleaver was fabricated with a fused biconical taper technics in an experiment. The experimental results are in good agreement with the analytical ones and it shows that the measured sidelobe level is about -30 dB and the channel isolation is higher than 30 dB.

By taking twelve 976 nm diode laser short bars as emitting units, a high power fiber coupled diode laser module with several hundred watts was developed. Firstly, the laser beam emitting from each diode laser short bar was shaped by a Beam Transform System (BTS) and a cylindrical lens, by which fast and slow axis beam parameter products could be symmetrized and the divergence was similar in the two directions. Then, every six diode laser short bars made up a laser stack by spatial multiplexing technology in the perpendicular direction and the laser beams from the two laser stacks were combined by polarization multiplexing. Finally, optimized triplet lens focused laser beams into a single multimode fiber. Experimental results indicate that the continues wave optical power of the coupled diode laser module can reach to 418 W from the multimode fiber with a core diameter of 400 μm and numerical aperture of 0.22, and its brightness is 2.19 MW/(cm2·sr). Matlab software was also applied to research of the near field intensity distribution of the laser spot output from the fiber and the result shows that the intensity distribution is a top hat, which proves that the module can be used in numerous applications like the welding and hardening of metal. The optical spectrum was also measured to determine the heat dissipation of the device and the result shows that the center wavelength of the device has shifted 6.8 nm with the driving current increasing from 20 A to 50 A, and the spectral width is just 4.12 nm (Full Width at Half Maximum, FWHM) for the diode laser short bar at the current of 50 A, which indicates that the device is favorable to the heat dissipation and could reliably work for long time. As compared with other candidates, the designed module has higher conversion efficiency and fiber output powers, and is suitable for the fields of material process and laser pumping.

According to the characteristics of Chip-on-board (COB) packaging structure and considering the reflective cup structure and fluorescent powder coating methods, the main factors impacting the light emitting properties of a COB packaged Light Emitting Diode(LED) were analyzed. On the basis of the several key elements of reflective cup structure, indluding its shape, depth, and angle, this paper optimized the design of LED optical structure. By changing the relevant parameters of reflective cup in TracePro software, the light intensity distributions and output efficiencies of different LEDs were simulated, and the approach to improve the light luminescence properties of a COB packaged white LED was discussed. Finally, the contrast experiments on a traditional phosphor coating method and a coating method with phosphors away from the LED chip were performed under drive currents of 4 mA and 12 mA, respectively. The simulation and experimental results show that the luminous performance is more excellent in the reflective cup with a conical shape , a bigger depth in a certain range and a angle of 30 °. As compared with traditional packaging method, the coating method with phosphors away from the LED chip can improve the luminous efficiency by more than 5%. It has certain guiding significance for the LED packaging manufacturing process.

When atmospheric turbulence coherence length r0 is measured by traditional Differential Image Motion Monitor(DIMM) method, it is difficult to obtain a stable r0 value due to limitation of light spot pairs. Therefore, this paper proposes a statistical method to increase the statistical number of light spot pairs from one on a wavefront to twelve aligned in a square, and completes the statistics on a SHWFS light spot array captured by the Shack-Hartmann wavefront detector. The method spatially increases the statistical number of samplings and the spatial symmetry of r0 measurement, so it decreases the statistical time greatly. The experiments show that only three hundred of wavefront samples gotten in 300 ms are enough to obtain the r0 with a variation less than 3%. The presented method solves the large error problem in the traditional r0 measurement for long time, and has contributed to the improvement of imaging accuracy of adaptive optical systems for ground-based telescopes

Nanohandling robots have become an enabling technology for analysis and prototyping in the field of nanotechnology and nanomaterials. Nanorobotic pick-and-place operations facilitate the flexible integration of individual nanostructures into existing micro devices increasing their overall performance and sensitivity. The automation of this so-called robotic micro-nano-integration is required to establish the technology not only in research labs, but also in industrial areas. In this paper, basic technologies for the development, integration and automation of nanohandling robots are presented. In addition, special handling strategies for the assembly of different kinds of Atomic Force Microscope(AFM) supertips are discussed.

A method to measure the rotational precision of a flexural joint with a large stroke was proposed to solve the problems that the flexural joint has relatively smaller rotational error and its rotational precision is difficult to be measured directly. Firstly, five kinds of criterions to evaluate the rotational precision were proposed and compared. Then, a proper criterion was chose, and an indirect method to measure the center-shift and stiffness of the flexural joint was developed according to the criterion. With the method, a measuring microscope was used to survey the coordinates of two mark points on the flexural joint, by which the rotational angle and the position of the real rotational center could be calculated, and the central shift of rotation and its shift direction also could be obtained. An experimental platform was built based on the method, and an isosceles trapezoidal flexural joint was used to validate the method. Experiments show that the rotational precision and the stiffness of the flexural joint can be measured at the same time in the experiment. The results are compared with the finite element analysis simulation and it indicates that the error of the experimental result is less than 0.006 mm, which satisfies the requirement of precision test for most common flexural joints with large-strokes.

To process micro-structured surface optical elements without surface damage and subsurface damage in higher efficiency, a numerical control system for Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Processing (APPP) was established. The design of a system platform, APPP process characteristics and numerical control process were investigated. First, according to the principle and requirements of the APPP, the numerical control system composition was presented. Then, by taking the processing of fused silica by He/SF6/O2 as an example, the controllability of the process as well as multi-parameter process characteristics were explored using the plasma torch with a needle electrode, and the removal function under this condition was fitted. Finally, the entire realization process of the numerical control machining for the APPP was proposed. Experimental results indicate that the sine structure with an amplitude of 150 nm and wavelength of 6 mm can be processed on a flat fused silica surface by this system, which verifies the feasibility of the numerical control system and achieves the deterministic processing of complex optical surfaces.

As the fatigue life of a piezoelectric actuator is relative to the service life of a piezoelectric pump, this paper carries out a fatigue life-related research. First, times of stress cycle corresponding to the ultimate stress is experimentally acquired when Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 (PZT-5)ceramics suffers from the fatigue failure under an electro-mechanical coupling field. The number of samples selected at different levels of stress in the above experiment are discriminated and corrected by using the coefficient of variation. After data processing, a p-S-N double logarithm curve and its linear regression equation are obtained with the safety life at different levels of stress under conditions of 95% degree of confidence and 99.9% livability calculated respectively, which offers important and necessary data for the fatigue life calculation of piezoelectric actuator. Finally, the fatigue life of the piezoelectric actuator of a certain resonance-type air pump is calculated to be 4461 h with safety factor 1.25 by using ansys and hypothesis of fatigue damage accumulation. These results perfect the technical parameters of this air pump and the fatigue data, and the calculation method can be applied to the fatigue calculation of PZT-5 actuator in other kinds of piezoelectric pumps.

Space cameras are extremely vulnerable to the offset from its optimal position to the focal plane because of its complicated launch environments including shock, vibration and overload, and space operating environments, such as high vacuum, low temperature and micro-gravity. To improve the imaging quality, a new high-precision focusing mechanism for effectively compensating this offset was proposed to improve the adaptability of a camera by steering screw pairs, guiding parallel guide tracks and driving inclined-guides. In the design, schemes of anti-cold welding, gap relieving by preload and double anti-seize were adopted to improve the structural strength, rigidity and reliability and to guarantee the focusing precision. The structure and working principle of the mechanism were introduced and the design scheme for system reliability was described, then a synthetic test was performed. The test results show that the accuracy of linear movement and repeatability of the mechanism are less than ±2 μm and ±1 μm respectively, and the swing of the focusing mirror around X and Yaxes in the total focusing range are both less than ±3.5″, which meets the requirements of the users.

In chemical mechanical polishing by a fixed-abrasive pad, the hydrolysis between workpiece and slurries will form a softened layer on the glass substrate to effect on the Material Removal Rate (MRR) and surface quality. The influence of polishing slurries on the surface hardness of decorative glass is analyzed by the micro-hardness method in this paper. The effects of different slurries and temperatures on the MRR were investigated using a CP-4 lapping and polishing platform. Both the dynamic Acoustic Emission (AE) and Coefficient of Friction (COF) were continuously monitored in-situ during the polishing process. The results show that the network structure on the decorative glass surface is collapsed when the sodium hexametaphosphate was added to the slurries, and this layer is softer than the glass, which improved the material removal rate. With the temperature increased, the hydrolysis effect is more obviously. Direct real-time monitoring of AE and COF can offer constructive significance for optimizing process parameters of polishing.

For lower voltages and fluctuated inputs of a standalone Photovoltaic (PV) inverter, a disturbance-rejection system with a double-closed-loop control was proposed. On the basis of the working principle of the system, the main parts of the inverter were modeled and a overall mathematical model was obtained. The inverter with an input voltage of 24 V, an output voltage of 311 V, a frequency of 50 Hz and an output power of 6 kW was illustrated as an example. In the design, the pole assignment method was used to calculate the controller parameters and the relation between fluctuation input and steady state error was described quantitatively. The simulation result indicates that the system with good stability and low steady state error can reject the disturbance. Its voltage change is 0.03%, total Harmonic Distortion(THD) is 1.03%, and the highest single harmonic content is less than 3%, which meets the requirements as well. The model and design method with theoretical guidance meaning is universal and can support the applications and design of high power inverters in other special fields of PV generation.

This paper focused on improving machining precision and reducing the machining errors caused by tool wearing in a Rotary Ultrasonic Grinding Machining(RUGM). The relation model between the ultrasonic vibration tool life and the grit sizes, grit concentration and the inner circle radius of a tool was established, and the parameters affecting ultrasonic vibration tool life were optimized. First, the second order model of ultrasonic vibration tool life was established for a bronze-bonded ultrasonic vibrating tool with Response Surface Methodology (RSM), and the model was fitted based on Box - Behnken experiments. Then the ultrasonic vibration tool life model was checked by effectiveness and significance tests. Finally, the cross-fertilization between the various influence factors and the tool life was analyzed through fitting the response surface and the contour between ultrasonic vibration tool life and factors, and the ultrasonic vibration tool parameters were optimized. The results indicate that the wear capacity of ultrasonic vibration tool is only 0.006 9 mm, after removing 9 600 mm3 for Si3N4 ceramics materials with density of 85%, when the grit size is D98.85, grit concentration is 77.36, and the inner circle radius of the tool is 5.34 mm. It satisfies the finish machining requirements for RUGM.

This paper explored and selected an optimal thermal error model of the Computer Numberical Control(CNC) machining center to compensate the main error source, the thermal error of spindle, in the machine processing and to improve the machining accuracy. In experiments, the leaderway-V450 machining center was taken as a compensation object, and the Support Vector Regression (SVR)model and Multiple Regression(MLR) model were analyzed and compared. Firstly, the MLR model and the SVR model were established according to the first batch of data of the CNC center gained in summer. Then, by substituting the second batch of data measured in summer into two kinds of models respectively, the compensation accuracy of each model was calculated. Furthermore, by substituting the third batch of data measured in autumn into two kinds of models respectively, the compensation accuracy of each model was calculated again. Finally, the robustness between both models was compared according to the precision variation regulation. The experiment shows that the compensation standard deviations of SVR model both in summer and autumn are less than 2 μm, and that of MLR model in summer is less than 2 μm, while less than 8 μm in autumn. These data show that the SVR model not only has high accuracy, but also has higher robustness for the thermal error modeling of CNC center.

Optofluidic waveguides can integrate the functions and structures of fluid media and micro-optical information in the same physical space because of the fusion of the microfluidic/nanofluidics and the micro-optics. They have been the key devices for biochemical analysis and biosensors. This paper overviews the research status of the optofluidic waveguides and their applications to biochemical analysis and biosensors. It describes the basic principles to implement different fluid waveguides, such as total reflection principles, multi-layer interference effect and antiresonant reflecting mechanism, and gives a lots of waveguide forms according to the principles mentioned above. It focuses on the analysis of the characteristics of total fluid waveguides based on micro/nano fluidic layers, Bragg waveguides based on interference effect, hollow core photonic crystal waveguides, slit fluid waveguides and antiresonant reflecting waveguides. Finally, it points out that the latter two waveguides can be designed in flexibility and is characterized by higher sensibility , good reliability and easy to be fabricated, so that they are expected to widely used in biosensors and microfluidic/nanofluidic systems.

As Metal-core Piezoelectric Ceramic Fibers (MPFs), one types of the new piezoelectric devices, have smaller structrures and sizes, it is difficult to find proper mesurement method and corresponding measuring fixture. Therefore, this paper proposed a precise and easily operated method to measure the MPFs. First, the test model was deduced by using the constitutive equations of a MPF, and the measuring steps for electrical performance of the MPF were established. Then, the effect of test fixture on the measurement results was investigated. Experiments show that it is easy to produce deviation when the clamping positions in the middle of the MPF, which can influence the measurement results . When the clamping position is at the end of the MPF, the relative admittance values of resonance and anti-resonance frequency are smaller, which is hard to be measured either. Furthermore, an improper clamping pressure have a strong effect on the measured value due to the smaller size of MPF. Finally, a measurement method without clamping for the MPF was presented. By the proposed methd, the PZN-PZT MPFs were measured, obtained results give the piezoelectric property values by piezoelectric strain d31 of -97pC/N, electromechanical coupling coefficients k31 of 0.197, and dielectric constant ε33T of 1 458. This kind of method is accurate, simple operation, and not damage to MPFs, and can be used as a test standard for MPFs.

To control the velocity and one-way flow of fluid in a micro-fluidic system, a novel passive micro-valve was designed base on Micro-electrical-mechanical System(MEMS) technology. By drawing lessons from a human heart valve structure, the deflections and stresses of a valve membrane under different pressures were analyzed with ANSYS by using SU-8 as the passive micro-valve structural materials, then the thickness of the valve membrane was optimized. The valve was fabricated with integrated processing of MEMS technique, so that the process technology for the valve membrane was determined. The performance of the passive valve was tested using deionized water as media and the forward flow velocities obtained are 1.66 ml/min for type A and 1.35 ml/min for type B under a forward pressure of 11.7 kPa. The tested analyzing data indicate that the designed passive valve has the potentiality of linear control, which means that the passive micro-valve made by SU-8 has not only better performance but also better bio-compatibility and can extend the applications of passive micro-valves.

On the basis of the UMHexagonS algorithm used in the Joint Model(JM) for H.264, a new fast algorithm on integer pixel motion estimation was proposed to improve the video encoding characteristics. A new order of checking predicted Motion Vector(MV) was proposed in the predicting starting search point to promote the accuracy of starting search point. Then, a self-adaptive global search method was proposed for the global search, by which the unsymmetrical-cross search and uneven multi-hexagon-grid search could be skipped based on the relationship between two predicted MVs with highest accuracy, and the feasibility and accuracy of this judging method was verified through tests on a number of different sequences. Meanwhile, an improved 5×5 search method was presented according to the distribution of best MV relative to the starting search point and a new early termination technique for sub-macroblock was added to further reduce the cost of motion estimation without additional computation. According to the experiment results, the proposed algorithm reduces the total number of search points by 83.80% and the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio(PSNR) about 0.021 dB on average and increases an average increment of 0.46% on equivalent bitrates as compared with that of original UMHexagonS algorithm. With a negligible performance degradation, the proposed algorithm reduces the computation of motion estimation effectively and offers a well-distributed effect on sequences with different motion intensities.

In consideration of the requirements of an adaptive optical wave front processor for heavy computation and real-time capability, this article proposed an adaptive optical wave front algorithm based on block processing for improving and optimizing the original ones. The algorithm calculated the wave front slope by a reusing core module manner and complemented the wave front reconstruction with the decomposition of matrix-vector multiplication. In the pixel clock synchronization, the entire wave front processing calculation was implemented, then the actuator was given to promote the necessary momentum. A Virtex-4 LX80 Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA) was as the core processing chip to perform an experiment and the results show that the algorithm for the same size of adaptive optic system can reduce the hardware resources about 50%, by which the system's wave front processing scale is reduced. As compared to the original algorithm of 338 μs time delay after the frame synchronization end, this proposed algorithm can complete the whole processing before the end of the frame synchronization, so that the system improves control bandwidths. The improved algorithm has been used in the original system to conduct a room light calibration experiment, and good results are achieved.

On the basis of the principle of a VISNAV sensor, this paper researches how to determine the vision-based relative state between two satellites with disturbances. By taking the VISNAV sensor as a relative state sensor, the problem mentioned above is solved by a modified Kalman filter algorithm. In consideration of the relative orbit dynamics equation with disturbance and the relative attitude kinematic equation, it gives modified discrete equation and a calculation method for the error covariance matrix. By which the method avoids the complicated real-time operations of large dimensional matrices in every loop and reduces computation amounts. Finally, the corresponding modified Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF)method followed by a numerical simulation experiment is performed under STK and MATLAB. Results demonstrate that the method is feasible, effective and has good convergence. Under disturbance condition, its determination accuracy in 200 m is an angle second level for the relative attitude and a millimeter level for the relative position, which meets the requirements of determining the relative state between two satellites in a shorter distance.

Based on the physical model of atmospheric scattering and an optical reflectance imaging model, three major factors influencing the fog removal for a single image were discussed in detail. The dark channel phenomenon was explained by the optical model, and the method to solve the parameters of atmospheric scattering model was rigorously derived from a new view. The gray-scale opening operation was used to eliminate the interference from a while object to obtain the global atmospheric light and the fast joint bilateral filtering technique was proposed to greatly improve the speed and accuracy of atmospheric scattering function solving. Finally, the scene albedo was recovered by inverting this model. Experiments show that the method can remove effectively the effect of lights from sky and environments and can recover the color and definition of original scenes. The simulation results indicate that the processing time for an image of 576×768 spends only by 1.7 s. As compared with the existing algorithm, obtained results on a variety of outdoor foggy images demonstrate that the proposed method achieves good restoration for contrast and color deity, and improves image visibility greatly.

This paper proposed a method to concatenate a cell-structured Local Binary Pattern(LBP) feature into Histogram of Gradients(HOG) to solve the problem that HOG was vulnerable to the interference of vertical background gradient information in pedestrian detection. Firstly, the detection window was divided into 16×16 non-overlapping blocks, then the LBP histogram of each block was calculated and his parameters were obtained by extensive experiments. Afterwards, the HOG was computed by the optimized interpolation method, and it was combined with LBP histogram to constitute a joint histogram. Finally, a discriminative model was trained by Bootstrapped linear Support Vector Machine(SVM). Based on the test of the INRIA pedestrian dataset, it is shown that the detection rate has been increased from 89% of the HOG feature to 95% when False Positive Per Window(FPPW) is 10-4, and the detection speed has been raised from 0.625 to 0.533 ms per window. It is concluded that the proposed method in this paper eliminates the false detection caused by the interference of gradient information and improves the detection rate by describing both contour and texture information.

As traditional measuring methods and equipment can not meet the requirement of 3D measurement of workpiece dimensions on-machine in real-time, an on-machine 3D vision measuring system based on the principle of binocular stereo vision was established to work at the workshop. Firstly, A stereo vision system calibration method by using a plane calibration plate was introduced. Then, threshold segmentation algorithm was used for recognizing and extracting the workpiece from the background and the Canny operator and polygonal approximation method were used for extracting the workpiece contour and the contour feature points. Furthermore according to the matching algorithm based on the epipolar constraint, a gray dependent based intensive fine matching algorithm was proposed and the 3D coordinate data of the workpiece contour key feature points were obtained. Finally, the data of matched feature points were processed and fitted, and the key dimensions of workpiece were obtained. On a Computer Numerical Control(CNC) machine in the workshop, an experiment to measure the 3D dimensions of a workpiece with a cant and holes shows that the measurement accuracy can reach ±1.3% or more.

In view of lower recognition rates of traditional methods in the flow pattern identification of Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT), a identification method for the ECT based on Compressed Sensing (CS) was put forward. Firstly, measurement capacitance vectors obtained by an ECT system were normalized and represented as a sparse linear combination of training sample set in an over complete dictionary. Then, the random Gaussian matrix was taken as the measurement matrix to sample from the test and standard samples respectively, and the signal reconstruction algorithm based on the CS was used to solve the optimization problem of L0 norm for the sparse representation of each sample on the training sample set. The linear correlation coefficient between the sparse solutions of samples to be tested and the standard samples are calculated to determine the classification of flow pattern. The simulation experiment results of typical flow patterns indicate that the flow pattern identification rates under absence of noise, and signal to Noise Ratios(SNRs) of 40 db and 20 db are 100%, 99.25% and 98.12% respectively. It concluds that the flow pattern identification method proposed has high efficiency and accuracy and a good noise immunity, which also provides a new method for the flow pattern identification of ECT.

On the basis of a previous encoding pattern with a large size M-array, this paper researches how to decode a captured image and then to implement the image matching and image reconstruction. The rectangular block, circle and the disc are chosen as M-array symbols that are easily indentified and distinguished to encode the projecting pattern, then , they are used to study the decoding method for the captured encoding M-array image. By considering projection patterns, symbol features, environments, symbol distortion and other factors fully, the decoding scheme is determined. After preprocessing the captured image, the symbol feature recognition is adopted to recognize the classification of symbols, calculate the directions of angular blocks, and to obtain the directions of circle and disc and determine the nether neighborhood and the right neighbor of symbols by an adjacent angular block as the reference. Furthermore, the decoded M-array is gotten by traversing all symbols. According to the window uniqueness, the position of each window in the projection pattern is determined, then the location of each match point is found and a coordinate matrix of matched points is generated. Finally, the depth information of 3D surface is obtained by using triangulation method and the reconstruction of a 3D surface is finished.

According to the requirements of elevator-group-control systems, a new method based on computer vision detection technology was proposed to obtain the number of passengers waiting outside of an elevator. As the detecting target of the system was the passengers waiting outside of the elevator, the feelings of passengers, building styles, the installation angle of a camera and the complex background would effect the detection pattern. Therefore, this paper took the human head as the model to implement the pattern recognition and to detect the number of passengers waiting outside of the elevator. The proposed method based on computer vision detection algorithm combined Mean Shift image segmentation and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification and recognized the human head features according to the angles of image acquisition and special lenses of cameras. It can obtain accurate recognition results. Experimental results show that the method has an image processing speed by 2 s/image in real time and the accuracy above 80%, which meets the needs of elevator-group-control systems. As a results, the transport efficiency has been improved greatly due to the stable input parameters for the elevator-group-control systems.

The intelligent design of a satellite network node was implemented to improve the control accuracy of a satellite system and to solve the problems of fault detection and trouble processing. The system structure of the intelligent network node was established based on an embedded SOC processor. The node was divided into four parts: the diagnosis and On Board Computer(OBC) auxiliary unit, intelligent power management unit, standardization interface unit and the basic function unit. Then, oversampling technology and data fusion processing technology were used to improve the accuracy of the data collection in the diagnosis and OBC auxiliary unit, and the testing error correction method based on redundant detection or direct knowledge was used correct the data errors. In the intelligent power management unit, the self on/off circuit technology was implemented to improve the reliability. Moreover, the wireless standard interface design was adopted in the standardization interface unit. Finally, an experiment was perfornced on a principle prototype of the sun vector measuring instrument to validate the design of intelligent network node. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the sun vector measuring instrument has reached 0.01 °, far higher than the traditional accuracy of 0.1 °. It realizes the state self-inspection calibration, measurement data auto-calibration and the standard interface function and improves the reliability of the system. The network node can finish the fault detection and treatment by itself and can realize the self on/off circuit function. It deals with the space environment from the flip and locking autotono-mously and allows the plug for the single equipment. Furthermore, the node supports quick test, rapid integration and rapid assembly of the satellite systems.