In consideration of the requirements of an adaptive optical wave front processor for heavy computation and real-time capability, this article proposed an adaptive optical wave front algorithm based on block processing for improving and optimizing the original ones. The algorithm calculated the wave front slope by a reusing core module manner and complemented the wave front reconstruction with the decomposition of matrix-vector multiplication. In the pixel clock synchronization, the entire wave front processing calculation was implemented, then the actuator was given to promote the necessary momentum. A Virtex-4 LX80 Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA) was as the core processing chip to perform an experiment and the results show that the algorithm for the same size of adaptive optic system can reduce the hardware resources about 50%, by which the system's wave front processing scale is reduced. As compared to the original algorithm of 338 μs time delay after the frame synchronization end, this proposed algorithm can complete the whole processing before the end of the frame synchronization, so that the system improves control bandwidths. The improved algorithm has been used in the original system to conduct a room light calibration experiment, and good results are achieved.