The purpose of the project presented in the paper is to develop a laser technology to clean large areas of seas and other water surfaces from oil film contamination. It mainly aims development of technological scheme and engineering design of jet engine based mobile Gas Dynamic Lasers (GDLs) (100 - 250 kW) intended to solve this important problem of environment protection. This method and laser system proposed are expected to complement other traditional methods, which usually more successfully treat bulk layer oil pollution but do not match to eliminate up to 100 μm oil films. In this paper, the basic design concept of a mobile gas dynamic CO2 laser is introduced, and the possibility of using various types of lasers for solution of required tasks is considered and the selection of GDL is justified. Then, the possible schemes of organization of air supply in the laser installation are considered, and the jet engines are selected as the high quality power unit of GDL installation. The necessary volume of the selected jet engine adaptation/modification experimental works is presented. Finally, the paper describes the design concept of GDL and the pneumohydraulic schematics, and gives structures of the related equipment, fuel tanks and operation control units. Now, the author has completed the conceptual analysis of GDL installation for disposal of petroleum films from a water surface, the basic capability of development of such installation is shown. The basic characteristics of the system are discussed and the schematic and design solutions of basic installation are presented. Furthermore, the GDL platform has been developed and some demonstration operations with scanning beam over water surface covered with petroleum film are carried out. The experiments confirm the effective gathering and burning of oil films on the water surfaces by proposed system.

To measure the deformation of copper/aluminum clad metals made by explosive welding technique, a new full-field three-dimensional deformation measurement method based on the digital speckle correlation method and binocular stereovision was proposed and implemented. The related key technologies including image correlation matching, three-dimensional coordinates, displacement and strain reconstruction were investigated.Then a deformation measurement system and corresponding software were developed based on the VC++6.0 platform. To validate the feasibility of the proposed method, a precision test and a copper/aluminum clad tensile test were conducted, and the experimental data of the test and the numerical simulation using Abaqus software were compared. Experimental results show that the accuracy of strain measurement is not lower than 0.5%, very close to that of the extensometer. The extreme strain distribution based on digital speckle correlation method is coincident with that the finite element simulation well. Furthermore, the simulated curves of plastic stress-strain are in agreement with the experimental data before necking the sheet metal, and the tendency of simulated curves of displacement-load is consistent with the experimental data in the whole tensile processes. Moreover, the relative errors of simulated ultimate load are from 0.06% to 2.25%. It demonstrates that the digital speckle correlation method is an effective tool to obtain the full-field strain of sheets accurately.

As the reflectivity of surface coatings of some loadings will be degenerated in the aircraft docking due to the denudation of atomic oxygen and the imaging characteristics of the coatings will be deteriorative, this paper calculates the reflectivity of SR107-ZK while paint damped for two years by using the universal mathematical model of reflectivity-degeneration. Based on the model, it chooses an appropriated CCD for the optical system. Furthermore, according to the space environmental conditions for flying around the Earth in Low Earth Orbit(LEO) for two years, a single atomic oxygen experiment is performed on a sample painted by SR107-ZK. Experimental results show that the reflectivity data is 0.814 when the sample is radiated by 1.8×1022atom/cm2, which is closed to the theoretical data 0.793 calculated by mathematic model. The result verifies the correctness of the theoretical model. Moreover, an imaging experiment on the tested sample is carried out,and the result indicates that the influence of optical system on the reflectivity degeneration of the sample depends on a reasonable choice of CCD. The results prove the reliability of the proposed model and provide a significant foundation for the intending work.

On the basis of the conformal characteristics of a logarithmic spiral crystal in a large field of view (FOV), a new type of transmission crystal analyzer used for X-ray monochromatic imaging was investigated. Compared with a reflection type of crystal analyzer, the logarithmic spiral crystal analyzer has a wider FOV for catching the monochromatic X-ray image and a simple space arrangement for achieving the same magnification. According to the diffraction theory of the crystal and the surface equation of log spiral, the imaging principles and characteristics of the transmission type logarithmic spiral crystal analyzer were researched, including the magnifications in horizontal and vertical directions as well as the FOV sizes. A logarithmic spiral analyzer with a quartz crystal was developed. Then with the proposed analyzer, the monochromatic backlighting experiment for the mesh grid with a diameter of 100 μm was carried out by taking an X-ray source of Cu target as the backlighter. The experimental results show that the FOVs of the transmission type logarithmic spiral crystal analyzer are 15.938 7 mm and 5.900 6 mm in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. Furthermore, the spatial resolution of the analyzer is at least 30 μm under a source diameter of 110 μm.

To overcome the shortcomings of off-axis Three Mirror Anastigmatic (TMA) optical systems in larger sagittally FOVs and smaller meridionally FOVs, this paper designs a bidirectional TMA optical system for cryogenic infrared target simulation system based on the symmetric rule of optical system. Both the sagittally and meridionally FOVs are 5°,the larger FOV optical system at 3-5 μm has a focal length of 400 mm and a F number of 8. By using the structural parameters of the optical system and the non-spherical coefficients of the mirrors to adjust and correct the eccentric and tilt of the three-mirror and to eliminate distortion and other aberrations, the system shows that the MTF is better than 0.71 at 6.5 lp/mm, the aberration of the whole FOV is λ/250(RMS) and the maximum radius of diffuse point is less than 7.0 μm(RMS), which achieves diffraction limit. Moreover, the maximum distortion in the whole FOV is less than 0.04%. Finally, it proves that the optical system has good imaging quality both in the visible and infrared spectral regions.

An 1×4 Optical Multiplexer (OMUX) based on the self-collimation effect of a two-dimensional photonic crystal was proposed and its performance was numerically demonstrated. Two Mach-Zehnder Interferometers(MZIs) with different cavity lengths were placed in the structure. Firstly, the theoretical transmission spectra at different output ports of the cascaded MZI were analyzed with the theory of light interference, then they were investigated with the Finite-difference Time-domain (FDTD) simulation technique. The simulation results agree well with the theoretical prediction, so the cascaded Mach-Zehnder interferometer can work as a 1×4 optical multiplexer. When the wavelength is 1 550 nm, the free spectral range of the OMUX is about 34.1 nm, which almost covers the whole optical communication C-band window. The presented device shows a compact size within 40-35 μm and a high output efficiency, and has potential application values to photonic integrated circuits.

A double scanning laser speckle interrferometric experiment was designed to investigate the movement of nano magnetic particle clusters around 100 nm. In experiments, the interferometric fringes were used as the scales of speckle motion to measure the movement of nano magnetic particles in a magnetic flow field to avoid large computation and the precision dependent on the subpixel searching algorithm. Furthermore, the phase delay scanning was used to compensate the additional phase change caused by a transverse scanning to improve the space resolution of dynamic spackle measurement. An experiment was performed on the nano magnetic clusters with the sizes of 30-100 μm. The experimental results show that the movement of the magnetic particles in the cluster is nonuniform motion and a turbulent flow with an average speed of 6.93 mm/s, which are caused by the nonlinear changes of magnetic field, the collision and aggregation between the particles, and some unknown complex factors.Moreover, the method can meet the different measuring requirements for easy precision adjustment by changing fringe spaces.

A design method of personalized progressive addition lenses is illustrated. The formula for determining the insets of progressive addition lenses is proposed based on the condition data of a lens-wearer and the prism effects of lenses. The condition data include the dioptric power of progressive lenses on a meridian line, the pupillary distance between both eyes for distance vision and the distance from the rotation centre of eyeball to the lens. The formula is induced to the design of the progressive addition lenses, and a design example is given. It shows that the insets of the center of the distance-vision zone and the near-vision zone are 0.5 mm and 3 mm,respectively. Compared with the symmetry design, the change of dioptric power is within 0.03 m-1 for the distance-vision zone and the near-vision zone. The symmetry of the dioptric power and the astigmatism of the progressive addition lens are retained on the distance-vision zone. The personalized design provides a pair of progressive addition lenses for lens-wearers through an adequate clear view for both eyes that can be obtained for various distance visions.

An optical system for CO2 sounder is designed and implemented. The advantages and disadvantages of two dispersive methods, grating and Fourier transfer, are summarized by the contrast of optical systems from different greenhouse gas spectrometers, and the optical system with a large area diffractive grating as a dispersive element is selected for the CO2 sounder. The total optical system includes a fore-optics and a tri-channel grating spectrometer. The fore-optics consist of a non-focal system with double off-axial parabolic mirrors, two dichotic splitters and three focal lenses, in which several measures are taken to reduce stray light. Each channel in the tri-channel grating spectrometer has the same mechanics, and three gratings have the same deviation angle to ensure the high mechanic stability. On the basis of grating equation, a computational formula is derived to calculate the grating parameters at the fixed deviation angle and to determine the parameters of three large area gratings. The lens material is fused silica with a low coefficient of expansion. The diffractive efficiency of the large area grating can be over 90% when it works at a large entrance angle and a large diffractive angle without other order diffractive lights except 0 order and +1 order diffractive lights at selected wavebands. Analysis and experiments on the system show that the system can detect 20 footprints at same time. By setting a 0 order light trap and other stray light removal methods, the stray light in the system has decreased to 10-5, its spatial MTF is more than 0.9(@1.4 lp/mm), and the spectral resolution of the spectrometer exceeds 0.035 nm(@760 nm). Moreover, the large relative aperture(F1.8) increases the ability to collect light. The design results indicate that the optical system can satisfy the technical requirements of CO2 sounders.

A mathematical model for the power spectrum density function of dynamic speckles was established to complete the nondestructive measurement of a diffuse target. First, the dynamic speckle characteristics formed by the reflection space of a rotating cylinder at an immobile angular velocity were discussed when it was fully illuminated by a collimated light beam. The theoretical model on the cross-correlation function and the power spectrum density function of dynamic speckle intensity fluctuation was given and the coherent length and receiving signal bandwidth of the dynamic speckle field were described. Then, the impacts of speckle translation and speckle boiling caused by rotation cylinder on the received signal bandwidth were analyzed. Finally, the near-specula of the cylinder and the diffuse speckle patterns were measured. Obtained results indicate that when the wavelength of 0.633 μm is shone on the cylinder with a diameter of 1 mm, the correlation time of autocorrelation function is 4 ms for a 10 Hz rotating cylinder and 2.0 ms for a 20 Hz rotating cylinder. In conclusion, the Doppler effects and speckle translation effects in the speckle dynamic field can produce the bandwidth with the same order of magnitude, and the speckle boiling effect can be negligible.

An evaluation method for the reliability of Light Emitting Diode(LED) lamps was established based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation algorithm. Firstly, the major factors which affect the reliability of LED lamps were studied from three aspects on the LED light source, heat-removal system and working environments, and a factor set and an evaluating set for the LED lamp lifetime were built up at the same time. Then, the weighing coefficient of each factor was obtained based on Delphi evaluation method. Finally, the evaluation model for the reliability of LED lamps was built up by choosing appropriate fuzzy operators. The reliability of a LED streetlight lamp was evaluated using the evaluation model. The results show that the designed model can evaluate the reliability of LED lamps quickly and effectively. It not only can save the experiment cost, but also can provide the foundation for screening failure products and managing product quality.

As the angles among the optical systems of cameras and star sensors would be changed when a satellite worked on orbits in space environments, this paper proposed a method to measure the angles to improve the orientation precision of cameras. A thermal deformation test for the changed angles of these structures was performed under air pressures and normal temperatures. The digital photogrammetry was used to take the pictures for signed positions on the cameras and star sensors and to calculate coordinates and fit the given planes. By taking a camera as the scale, the angles and their variations were calculated in different working conditions. Results show that the maximum thermal deformation is 227.9″under 4 working conditions and 20 sub-working conditions with different temperature distributions, and the test precision is better than 13.9″. The result is very close to that of the finite element analysis, and the RMS between them is 30.4″. It suggests that the precision of digital photogrammetry could be improved by choosing proper signed positions in photos, eliminating gross errors and taking coordinate conversion with code targets. The method satisfies test requirements for thermal deformation of the satellite structures.

In order to improve the resolution of an Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV ) photon counting imager, this paper analyzed the influence of the crosstalk between Wedge Strip Zigzag (WSZ ) anodes and the false trigger resulted from out-range signals on image quality. First, the reasons which caused the crosstalk were analyzed, and the range of crosstalk coefficient and its optimum value were determined by measuring interelectrode capacitance. Then, the crosstalk coefficient was used to process photons and determine a proper energy interval (upper and lower limit). Finally, the image obtained in the setting energy interval was compared with an original image. The comparison shows that the image quality has been improved obviously. The results demonstrate that the image edge becomes stronger further and image resolution is improved by eliminating the crosstalk between WSZ anodes and removing fake data from real data.

As the color ratio of radiation intensity of a target at different wavelengths will change along with the change of transmission distance, the color ratio of radiation intensity contains distance information. According the principle mentioned above, this paper proposed a scheme based on colorimetric method to range the target using its own infrared radiation. The relationship between the color ratio of radiation intensity for the target and its temperature, radiation transmission distance, atmosphere attenuation coefficient was deduced. By measuring the color ratio of radiation intensity at different wavelengths, the target was ranged when the atmosphere attenuation was certain and the infrared ranging equations of three-color ratio were deduced. According to a calculation model of radiation atmosphere transmission attenuation, three wavelengths of 8.5,9.0,9.5 μm were selected as color-ratio wavelengths, a 300 K blackbody 2 km away was used as a ranging target, and a color-ratio ranging figure was drawn. Analysis shows that the temperature and the distance of the target gotten from the figure are coincident with those of the target. Furthermore, it needs only once measurement to get the distance and temperature of the target by using this method.

To achieve the precise motion of a 3-RRR compliant parallel precision positioning stage, a closed-form exact motion model was established and the optimized design of structure parameters was investigated. The Castigliano’s second theorem was applied to establishment of the closed-form compliance model for the precision positioning stage. According to the structural characteristics of compliant parallel mechanisms, the system was divided into three symmetrical motion sub-chains. Combining the compliance equations of flexure hinge with the force transmission relations of mechanisms, the stiffness model of each sub-chain was obtained, and the stiffness of the entire system was calculated by summing the stiffness of three sub-chains in the same coordinate system. The proposed stiffness model took the hinge flexibility as the independent variables in the closed form. According to the flexibility matrix, the Jacobian matrix to reflect the relationship between input displacement and output one could be derived. By comparing the kineamatic model between theoretical analysis and FEA, the results show that the errors are within 1.0%～9.5%, which illurastrates that the proposed kinematic model is correct and precise. According to the closed-form Jacobian matrix, its sensitivity to structureal parameters was analyzed,then the design variables with greater impact on the kinematic properties were chosen. By taking the maxmium workspace as a target and the hinge strength, maxmium input forces, geometric dimensions and input coupling as the constrains,an optimal model was proposed. The results show that the optimized structural parameters can obtain more output displacements, and the proposed model can meet the design requirement.

A novel flexible Microelectromechanical System(MEMS) anti-drag skin was proposed based on the drag reduction with lingering-micro-bubble generated by electrolysis, and the fabrication of flexible MEMS anti-drag skin was designed. The MEMS skin composed of a flexible substrate layer, a metal electrode layer and a micro-well-array layer was designed,and two process routes based on MEMS were developed for the skin fabrication.Then,the polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) and SU-8 were used to fabricate the micro-well-array layer, respectively. Several key steps in these processes were studied and a specimen was fabricated using SU-8. The specimen has a thickness of 90 μm and contains 6.25×104 cylindrical wells with a depth of 50 μm and a diameter of 40 μm per square centimeter. It can be bent and attached on a Φ28 mm cylinder without damage. Results demonstrate that the MEMS is feasible to realize the anti-drag skin and the flexible MEMS anti-drag skin offers a novel way to reduce the skin friction of vehicles in water.

An abdominal and passive damper was developed and installed on an established precision air bearing stage to overcome the defects of an aerostatic guide such as less transmission damp and easier susceptibility.The damper is consisted of a damping disk fixed in the bottom of aerostatic guide and an oil groove directly under the disk. The damping coefficient was obtained by recommended experiments,and an electromechanical control model of the air bearing stage was established to describe the influence of the damper on the positioning noise and dynamic characteristic of the stage. Numerical simulation results indicate that the stability margin and noise suppression degree become much bigger with increasing damping coefficient, while the dynamic response speed of the stage gets worse. Experimental results show that, based on the developed system and the same control parameters, the damp characteristics obtained by experiments agree with the theoretical results, and the damper with damping coefficient 293.78 N/m·s-1 suppresses the positioning noise of air bearing stage from 60 nm(pk-pk) to 20 nm(pk-pk). Furthermore, positioning resolution of the stage with damper is 20 nm. It proves that the developed damper can suppress the positioning noise of the air bearing stage effectively.

Dead-time effect results in distorted currents and force pulsations of Permanent Magnetic Linear Synchronous Motors(PMLSM), which limits the uses of precision stages in conditions of high accuracy, low frequency and lighter loadings. To compensate the Dead-time effect, this paper proposed a Double Updating Dead-time Compensation (DUDTC) method to correct each input pulse width of the motor driver according to phase current polarity. Firstly, the effect of dead-time on driver output pulses was analyzed and the correlation between correction of Pulse Width Modulation(PWM) and phase current polarities was given. Then, the method was evaluated through simulations in Matlab/Simulink and experiments in a linear-stage system. The results indicate that the phase error of DUDTC is only 0.5 servo periods and its phase current distortions is reduced. The DUDTC shows less codes and good portability, and is an efficient method to compensate the dead-time effect in digital drive systems.

An evaluating method by combination of particle swarm optimization and quasi-random sequence was proposed to detect precisely and evaluate the profile errors of freeform surfaces inspected by Computer Aided Design (CAD) model-directed measuring. In order to solve the un-repetitive problem between design coordinate system and measurement coordinate system when a Coordinate Measurement Machine (CMM) was used to inspect free form surfaces, Quasi Particle Swarm Optimization(QPSO)was proposed to realize the precise localization between measured surface and design surface. Then, according to the features of freeform surface form, the peak-valley error and root mean square error were used to evaluate the freeform surface forms together. The computation method of the objective function was described,in which QPSO is used to match the measured surface and the design surface and the detailed steps were established for solving parameter vectors by using QPSO. Finally, by calculating the surface profile errors of simulation example and many practical measured parts, the results verify that the proposed method can locate precisely freeform surfaces and the evaluation precision of freeform surface profile errors by the proposed method is higher 8%-15% than that by CMM software. The method is suitable for the form error evaluation of high precise freeform surface parts.

According to the theory model and property requirements proposed by Electroactive Polymer (EAP) film-based flexible and intelligent devices, a flexible structure device was fabricated using a ferroelectric polymeric film, the corresponding kinetic equation, vibration behavior model, and electromechanical property description for the flexible device were established, and the influence of pretension-bending rigidity, driving voltage and geometric parameters on the properties of the flexible device was investigated. The vibration behavior model and characteristic description for the flexible film device under the coupling effects of pretension-bending rigidity were presented, the influence of Young’s modulus and pretension-rigidity ratio on the vibration behavior of flexible film device was illustrated through combing numerical analysis with finite element simulation, and then the mode shape of the EAP film-based flexible structure was simulated and measured by using the Finite Element Model (FEM) and laser Doppler technique. Furthermore, dynamic response characteristics of EAP film-based flexible structure versus the driving voltage and geometric parameters were indicated by a combined approach of piezoelectric excitation and laser vibrometer measurement. The research results demonstrate the validity of laser Doppler technique employed in the property test on the EAP film-based flexible and intelligent film devices, illustrate its the working mechanism and dynamic properties. and show the precision displacement to be 21.6 nm under a driving voltage of 1 V. This work can provide theoretic foundation and experimental supports for EAP-based flexible devices.

As nonlinear technology allows piezoelectric energy harvesting to obtain a wider vibration frequency and a higher output voltage,this paper proposed a piezoelectric energy harvester based on nonlinear vibration.The oscillation equation of the piezoelectric energy harvester was obtained based on testing Duffing mode and its vibration charateristics were simulated. With the various sinusoidal excitation frequencies and different magnet spacings, the opened output voltage was measured. The results show that when the excitation acceleration is 20 m/s2, the output voltage from the energy harvester has been improved to 208 V from 131 V,its maximum output power is 43.264 mV,and the resonance frequency region can range up to 18 Hz. The Duffing model structure can change the resonant frequency of the nonlinear piezoelectric energy harvester in small scope, and can increase the output voltage.

To obtain pL class adhesive drop to match the micro parts in size, three kinds of micro drop making mechanisms, injection, bubble jetting, and needle transfer,were analyzed. A pL class adhesive dispensing approach based on time-pressure dispensing was present,then pL class adhesive spots were obtained by online visual monitoring of the spot diameter, and controlling the internal diameter of the dispensing needle tip, pressure and time. The effects of three factors mentioned above on the adhesive spot size were experimented, and this technique combined with a micromanipulation system were used in Inertial Confinement Fosion(ICF) experiments to bond a fill tube and a capsule together for the cryogenic targets. The results show that the adhesive spot diameter is proportional to the internal diameter of the dispensing needle tip, pressure and time. When the internal diameter of needle tip,pressure and time are controlled to be 1.2 μm, 0 psi, and 8~10 s,the adhesive volume and diameter will be less than 3pL and 40 μm, respectively.

The recognition accuracy of with-in class matching traffic signs is dropped because of the rotation invariance in feature sequences extracted by conventional Pulse Coupled Neural Network(PCNN). In order to get a new feature vector with stronger classification ability, the PCNN mode was simplified according to its automatic wave diffusion characteristics. An Euclidean-like distance image was used as the new feature vector, and a match analysis was carried out by the minimum variance. Then, optimal parameters of PCNN were acquired through experiments. The experimental results based on GB5768-1999 traffic signs show that when the Euclidean-like distance transform based on simplified PCNN is used as the feature vector for classification matching, the variance of test image corresponding to standard images can achieve the minimum value in acquiring edge image with the number iterations of 16, magnitude adjustments of feeding input of 0.65, magnitude adjustments of dynamic threshold of 100, and convolution kernel matrix in 5 × 5. It concludes that the Euclidean-like distance transform based on simplified PCNN can expand the shape information of edge images effectively. It is superior to the feature vector based on entropy sequence, and is fit for the identification of target images in with-in classes.

For the serious block effect in first-order variation image blind debluring,an image blind deblurring method based on super total variation with a self adaptive threshold was proposed to restore the images degraded by unknown Point Spread Function(PSF). Based on the analysis of the total variation model, the super total variation was proposed and the mathematical model of cost function was obtained. The threshold in the model was deduced by estimated image noises. Then, in order to simplify subsequent calculation and improve restoration effect, three auxiliary variables were introduced to transform the cost function into equivalent forms. Finally, semi-quadratic regularization was used to solve iteratively the cost function. The experimental results demonstrate that the restoration image has more details and fewer block effect. Compared with existing blind deblurring methods, the proposed algorithm can increase the Signal to Noise Ratio(SNR) of the restored image by 1dB. The restoration effect of the proposed method reveals its practicability in the blind image deblurring.

A modeling method of lip contours was proposed based on Principle Component Analysis (PCA). Firstly, the lip contours of 5 000 training samples were labeled, and the Procrustes analysis was performed on the coordinates gotten by labeling to normalize the data. Then the PCA was used to identify modes in data and compress the data dimension without losing the lip contour information.Furthermore, the lip contour model was constructed by using a mean value and eigenvectors gotten by PCA. Finally, the model constructed by the first 16 modes gotten by PCA was taken to reconstruct the lip contours of the original 5 000 samples. Experimental results indicate that the first 4 modes respectively describe the rotation, lower lip, scale and corners of the lip,and other modes describe more detailed lip variation.The mean difference of every feature point between the lip contour gotten by model reconstruction and the original contour is less than a width of 0.6 pixels. The model can satisfy the precision requirements of the feature location.

To optimize the architecture of weighted average multiresolution image fusion algorithm, an extended weighted average multiresolution image fusion model to control the decision map only with the match measure is presented based on the Piella pixel-level multiresolution image fusion framework. The extended model changes the fusion pattern that the decision factor must be decided by both activity measure and match measure in the conventional weighted average multiresolution image fusion model. Since the activity measure is removed in the extended model, the corresponding algorithm architecture is rather simpler. By taking the correlated signal intensity ratio as the match measure, a weighted average multiresolution image fusion method based on the extended model is proposed. The experiment on fusing infrared and visible images shows that the proposed method is able to produce better fusion results than the conventional ones and its Edge Fusion Quality Index(EFQI) and Weight Fusion Quality Index(WFQI)has increased by 2.9% and 1.8%, respectively.Moreover, it achieves much lower computational complexity for the decision factor with decreased multiplication and addition times of 66.7% and 33.3%, respectively.

A leukocyte classification method was proposed by using image technologies.Firstly, based on image color information, image distance transformation and the Snake of Gradient Vector Flow (GVF Snake), the leukocytes were extracted in a blood cell image, and then the high saturation trait of the leukocyte nuclei was combined the morphological mathematics and GVF Snake to detect the nuclei in the leukocyte image. According to the features of morphometry, color and texture for cells, the Support Vector Machines (SVMs) were taken to classify the leukocytes. The results show that the proposed image segmentation method and the classifier to classify the leukocytes can achieve the accuracy by 89.6%. Compared to other traditional cell image segmentation and analysis methods, the proposed method is satisfactory.

To adapt a space remote sensing camera to its large dynamic scene, a scheme with two-row Time Delay Integration(TDI) CCDs was proposed to increase the dynamic range of the camera. The two-row TDI CCDs were set separately different integration stages. The obtained image with a high integration stage CCD might contain a saturation region, however its dark region could be distinguished much better.The image with a low integration stage CCD could not be distinguished better, but the gray level of bright region could be recognized easyly. Finally, the images were synthesized according to the difference of integration stages for the two-row CCDs to gain a large dynamic range image. This scheme increases the dynamic range of the camera effectively. When the integration stages of the two row CCDs are set as 8 and 48, respectively,the dynamic range can increase by 15.56 dB.

An adaptive total least square algorithm was proposed to further improve the attitude calculation accuracy of optical characteristic points, and the total least square algorithm and adaptive total least square algorithm were researched and compared. Firstly , the coordinate system and 3D model among optical characteristic points , image points and the position of camera were established according to the space position relationship , and the matrix equation between optical characteristic points and image points was created. Then, the two algorithms mentioned above were used to get an optimization solution. Finally , the attitude of optical characteristic points relative to the word coordinate system was obtained based on the optimization solution. The simulation comparison experiment was performed in a coordinate measuring machine,and the experimental result indicates that the standard tolerance of attitude coordinate calculated by total least squares is 0.055 7 mm, and that by adaptive total least squares is 0.041 4 mm. The compared results show that the adaptive total least square algorithm has higher convergence rate and precision , and its calculation speed is better than that of total least square algorithm. It satisfies the system requirements for stabilization, reliability and high precision.

As traditional object matching algorithms can not match precisely a partially occuluded object, this paper proposes a novel partially occluded object matching algorithm based on the description and evaluation of contour features. Firstly, the contour fragments to describe the local object feature are obtained by splitting the object contour with contour curvature,and those contour fragments are merged and classified according to the object skeleton to describe the object features at multi-levels. Then, two evaluation parameters, importance and partiality, are defined for those contour fragments. The former evaluates the importance of the local feature, and the latter evaluates the proportion of contour fragment to the whole contour. Finally, the two evaluation parameters of contour fragment and the similarity between contour fragments are derived to obtain the weighted partial similarity to measure the matching degree of the partially occluded object reasonably and to obtain the optimal matching result. Compared with some current matching algorithms, the proposed algorithm improves the average recognition rate about 1.5% under various occluded cases.

According to the principle of push-broom imaging of a linear array Time Delay Integration(TDI) CCD, the image motion in dynamic imaging of a agile satellite is analyzed in three-axis attitude maneuvering. As the changed continuously attitude points to the earth can change the spatial orientation and result in a changed image motion velocity, the image quality and image resolution will be deteriorated. To decrease the influence of attitude change on image quality, this article uses the coordinate transformation to acquire the mathematical expression of the image motion velocity in dynamic imaging, and obtains the variety of the image motion velocity in simulation analysis to quantify the magnitude of the integration time. Numerical simulation shows that the current level of space camera can achieve the max angular velocity limit dynamic push-broom imaging of 0.5(°)/s on an orbit height of 700 km. When the attitude maneuvering angular velocity is greater than 0.5(°)/s ,it needs to design a high level camera because the exposure time is shorter and shorter. Based on the above conclusion, it suggests that the magnitude of integration time for TDI CCD TDI) should be quantified for dynamic imaging at different angle speeds, and only in this way can the push-broom dynamic imaging be implemented in three-axis attitude maneuvering.

A machine vision cooperative measurement method of multiple field of view (Multi-FOV) was proposed to realize the high-precision automatic measurement of two-dimensional geometric features. The basic principle of the method was introduced and the key technologies to realize the cooperative measurement were studied. Firstly, a measuring space was established, the features to be measured were identified, and an optimized measuring path was planed in a large FOV image. Then, the mapping relation between the image coordinate of the large FOV and the measuring space coordinate was established. Guided by the measuring path in the large FOV image and the control system, the sequential images with small FOVs were collected automatically in the measuring space. Furthermore, the mapping relation between the image coordinates of the large FOV and the small FOVs and that between the adjacent small FOV image coordinates were derived. On the basis of these relationships, exact auxiliary measurement characteristics in the corresponding locations in the small FOV images were researched and constructed. Finally, according to the orientations and positions of sequential small FOV images in the measuring space, the partial parameters were calculated and then further add them to get the whole parameters of the measured features. Experimental results indicate that the absolute value of relative error is less than 0.03% when the method was used to gauge the distance of circular holes with the nominal dimension of 100 mm. The outstanding advantage of the cooperative measurement method of multi-FOV is that the measuring accuracy is not influenced by ambient temperature and the coordinate precision of machine. It is an effective method to automatically measure two-dimensional complex geometric characteristics of mechanical parts in industrial fields.